| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Adel 2013 | Wrong study design |
| Alves 2014 | Wrong intervention |
| Alves 2014a | Wrong intervention |
| Anderson 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 67; likely cognitive healthy; mean age 63 years; extension of earlier trial) |
| Ann 2012 | Wrong patient population |
| Apostolo 2014 | Wrong patient population |
| Baglio 2011 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Ball 2002 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 5‐ to 6‐week intervention period with 2‐ to 3‐week booster period at 11 and 35 months (4‐arm trial ACTIVE; n = 2832; cognitively healthy; mean age 74 years) |
| Ball 2002a | Duplicate |
| Ball 2006 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks. Multiple reports for excluded trial: Ball 2002 (trial ACTIVE) |
| Ball 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks |
| Ballesteros 2014 | Duplicate |
| Ballesteros 2014a | Duplicate |
| Ballesteros 2015 | Duplicate |
| Ballesteros 2015a | Duplicate |
| Ballesteros 2017 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks |
| Bamidis 2015 | Wrong study design |
| Baniqued 2014 | Adult population |
| Baniqued 2015 | Younger than 30 years of age |
| Barban 2012 | Duplicate |
| Barban 2016 | Wrong study design |
| Barbosa 2015 | Wrong intervention |
| Barcelos 2015 | Wrong intervention |
| Barnes 2006 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks |
| Barnes 2009 | Duplicate |
| Basak 2016 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 2 week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 46; cognitively healthy; mean age 69 years) |
| Beck 2013 | Wrong intervention |
| Belchior 2007 | Wrong outcomes |
| Belchior 2008 | Wrong outcomes |
| Belleville 2006 | Wrong intervention |
| Belleville 2014 | Wrong outcomes |
| Berry 2010 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 3 to 5 weeks (2‐arm trial: n = 32; cognitively healthy; mean age 72 years) |
| Bier 2015 | Wrong study design |
| Binder 2016 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks |
| Bittner 2013 | Wrong study design |
| Borella 2010 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 2 weeks (2‐arm trial; n = 40; cognitively healthy; mean age 69 years) |
| Borella 2013 | Wrong intervention |
| Borella 2014 | Duplicate |
| Borella 2017 | Wrong intervention |
| Boripuntakul 2012 | Wrong intervention |
| Borness 2013 | Wrong patient population |
| Bottiroli 2009 | Duplicate |
| Bottiroli 2009a | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 3 training sessions (2‐arm trial; n = 44; cognitively healthy; mean age 66 years) |
| Bozoki 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 6‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 60; cognitively healthy; mean age 69 years) |
| Brehmer 2012 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 5‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial stratified by younger and older age groups; n = 45 in old age groups, n = 55 in young age groups; cognitively healthy; mean age 64 years in old age groups, 26 in young age groups) |
| Brum 2013 | Duplicate |
| Buitenweg 2017 | Wrong intervention |
| Buiza 2008 | Wrong intervention |
| Bureš 2016 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks |
| Buschert 2011 | Wrong intervention |
| Buschert 2011a | Duplicate |
| Buschert 2012 | Wrong intervention |
| Buschert 2012a | Duplicate |
| Calkins 2011 | Wrong intervention |
| Cammarata 2011 | No outcome given |
| Cancela 2015 | Wrong patient population |
| Candela 2015 | Wrong intervention |
| Cantarella 2017 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks |
| Cao 2016 | Wrong route of administration |
| Carretti 2013 | Wrong intervention |
| Casutt 2014 | Wrong outcomes |
| Chapman 2015 | Wrong intervention |
| Chapman 2016 | Wrong intervention |
| Chapman 2017 | Wrong intervention |
| Cheng 2012 | Wrong intervention |
| Cheng 2018 | Wrong patient population |
| Cho 2002 | Younger than 30 years of age |
| Cleverley 2012 | Wrong intervention |
| Cohen‐Mansfield 2014 | Wrong intervention |
| Cohen‐Mansfield 2014a | Wrong intervention |
| Cohen‐Mansfield 2015 | Wrong intervention |
| Cohen‐Mansfield 2015a | Duplicate |
| Combourieu 2014 | Wrong outcomes |
| Corbett 2015 | Wrong patient population |
| Costa 2015 | Wrong patient population |
| Danassi 2015 | Duplicate |
| Dannhauser 2014 | Wrong study design |
| de Almondes 2017 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks |
| de Macedo 2015 | Wrong outcomes |
| De Vreese 1996 | Wrong intervention |
| Desjardins‐Crépeau 2016 | Wrong patient population |
| Diamond 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 7‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 64; cognitively healthy; mean age 66 years) |
| Dittmann‐Kohli 1991 | Wrong intervention |
| Duncan 2009 | Wrong intervention |
| Dwolatzky 2005 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for excluded trial: Wolinsky 2015 (IHAMS study). This citation refers to the trial registration NCT01165463 |
| Eckroth‐Bucher 2009 | Wrong patient population |
| Edwards 2005 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: maximum 12 sessions (2‐arm SKILL trial; n = 126; participants with initial processing speed or processing difficulty; mean age 76 years) |
| Edwards 2011 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for Edwards 2005 (SKILL trial) |
| Edwards 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: planned treatment duration 10 to 12 weeks, but less than 12 weeks provided on average |
| Edwards 2015a | Duplicate |
| Efthymiou 2011 | Wrong comparator. |
| Engvig 2014 | Wrong study design |
| Fabre 2002 | Wrong intervention |
| Faille 2007 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Fairchild 2010 | Wrong intervention |
| Feng 2013 | Wrong intervention |
| Feng 2015 | Wrong intervention |
| Feng 2017 | Wrong patient population |
| Finn 2011 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks |
| Finn 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 4‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 41; participants with MCI; mean age 75 years) |
| Finn 2015a | Duplicate |
| Flak 2013 | Study protocol |
| Flak 2014 | Study protocol |
| Flak 2014a | Study protocol |
| Flak 2016 | Study protocol |
| Foerster 2009 | No outcome given |
| Forloni 2012 | No outcome given |
| Forster 2011 | Wrong intervention |
| Fortman 2013 | Wrong comparator |
| Gagnon 2012 | Wrong study design |
| Gagnon 2012a | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 2‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 24; participants with MCI; mean age 68 years) |
| Gaitan 2013 | Wrong patient population |
| Gajewski 2012 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: cognitive training over 16 weeks, of which 12 concerned computerised cognitive training (4‐arm trial; n = 141; cognitively healthy; mean age 71 years) |
| Gajewski 2017 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks |
| Garcia‐Campuzano 2013 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Gates 2011 | Study protocol |
| Gill 2016 | Wrong intervention |
| Gillette 2009 | No outcome given |
| Giovannini 2015 | No outcome given |
| Giuli 2016 | Wrong intervention |
| Giuli 2017 | Wrong intervention |
| Golino 2017 | Wrong intervention |
| Haesner 2015 | Wrong study design |
| Haesner 2015a | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention (2‐arm trial; n = 80, 40 cognitively healthy and 40 with subjective memory complaints; mean age 70 years) |
| Haimov 2013 | Duplicate |
| Haimov 2013a | Duplicate |
| Haimov 2013b | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (2‐arm study; n = 51; likely cognitively healthy; mean age 72 years) |
| Haimov 2013c | Duplicate |
| Haimov 2013d | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for Haimov 2013b |
| Haimov 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for Haimov 2013b |
| Haimov 2014a | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for Haimov 2013b |
| Hardy 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 10‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 9919; cognitively healthy; mean age 39 years; subgroup data by age can be analysed) |
| Hausmann 2012 | Wrong intervention |
| Hayashi 2012 | Wrong intervention |
| Hayslip B Jr 2016 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks |
| Heinzel 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 4‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 60; 2‐arm trial stratified by younger and older age groups; n = 30 in old age groups, n = 30 in young age groups; cognitively healthy; mean age 66 years in old age groups, 26 in young age groups) |
| Hudak 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 10‐week intervention period (3‐arm trial; n = 53; cognitively healthy; mean age 82 years) |
| Hötting 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 6 sessions during 1 month (4‐arm trial; n = 33; cognitively healthy; mean age 49 years) |
| Ignjatovic 2015 | Younger than 30 years of age |
| Irigaray 2012 | Wrong intervention |
| Israel 1997 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| ISRCTN70130279 | Wrong intervention |
| Jackson 2012 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Jansen 2012 | Wrong intervention |
| Jean 2010 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 3‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 22; participants with MCI; mean age 69 years) |
| Jeong 2016 | Wrong intervention |
| Jobe 2001 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for excluded trial: Ball 2002 (trial ACTIVE) |
| Jones 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for Ball 2002 (trial ACTIVE) |
| Kampanaros 2010 | Wrong intervention |
| Kholin 2010 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 30‐day intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 60; participants with MCI; age not reported; conference abstract) |
| Kim 2012 | Wrong outcomes |
| Kim 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 10‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 20; participants with MCI or dementia; mean age 69 years) |
| Kim 2013a | Wrong outcomes |
| Kim 2015 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Kim 2015a | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 28; cognitively healthy; mean age 72 years) |
| Kim 2015b | Duplicate |
| Kivipelto 2014 | Wrong intervention |
| Klusmann 2009 | Duplicate |
| Klusmann 2010 | Wrong patient population |
| Klusmann 2010a | Duplicate |
| Klusmann 2011 | Younger than 30 years of age |
| Kudelka 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (4‐arm trial; n = 96; cognitively healthy; mean age 65 years) |
| Kwak 2015 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Kwak 2017 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Kwok 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 194; mean MMSE score 25.92; mean age 75 years) |
| Lampit 2013 | Wrong study design |
| Lampit 2014 | Wrong patient population |
| Lampit 2015 | Wrong outcomes |
| Lavretsky 2016 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Law 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 10‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 83; participants with MCI; mean age 74 years) |
| Law 2014a | Duplicate |
| Lee 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 6‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 30; mean MMSE‐K 26; mean age 72 years) |
| Lee 2013a | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 31; cognitively healthy; mean age 65 years) |
| Lee 2013b | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for Lee 2013a |
| Lee 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (2 2‐arm pilots trials; n = 31 & n = 39; likely cognitively healthy; age not reported; conference abstract that is part of multiple reports for Lee 2015) |
| Lee 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 39; cognitively healthy; mean age 65 years) |
| Legault 2011 | Wrong patient population |
| Leon 2015 | Wrong comparator |
| Leung 2015 | Wrong patient population |
| Li 2010 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: intervention period 5 weeks (2‐arm trial; n = 20; cognitively healthy; mean age 76 years) |
| Linde 2014 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Mace 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 3‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 43; mild cognitive complaints; mean age 78 years) |
| Mahncke 2006 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8 to 10 weeks (2‐arm trial; n = 182; cognitively healthy; mean age 71 years) |
| Man 2012 | Wrong comparator |
| Mann 2012 | Wrong study population |
| Margrett 2006 | Wrong patient population |
| Mayas 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 20 sessions provided in 10‐ to 12‐week intervention period (n = 27; 2‐arm trial; cognitively healthy; mean age 69) |
| McAvinue 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 5‐week intervention period (n = 36; 2‐arm trial; likely cognitively healthy; mean age 70) |
| McDaniel 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (n = 96; 4‐arm trial, cognitively healthy, mean age 65 years) |
| McDougall 2012 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 6‐week intervention period (n = 41; 2‐arm trial; likely cognitively healthy; mean age 75) |
| Middleton 2012 | Wrong intervention |
| Miller 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (n = 69; 2‐arm trial; cognitively healthy; mean age 81.8) |
| Mohs 1998 | Wrong intervention |
| Mombelli 2012 | No outcome given |
| Moon 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 10‐week intervention period (n = 38; likely participants with MCI; age not reported; conference abstract only) |
| Mowszowski 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 7‐week intervention period (n = 53; participants with memory complaints, MCI or late life depression; mean age 66) |
| Mowszowski 2014a | Duplicate |
| Mozolic 2010 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (n = 66; mean age 69; cognitively healthy participants) |
| Mozolic 2011 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for Mozolic 2010 |
| Muller 2011 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Na 2013 | Duplicate |
| Na 2014 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Naismith 2014 | Duplicate |
| Navarro 2006 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 14 sessions; intervention duration not reported, but maximal follow‐up duration was 84 days (2‐arm trial; n = 80; likely cognitively healthy; mean age 66 years) |
| NCT00544856 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| NCT02417558 2015 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| NCT02462135 2014 | No outcome given |
| NCT02480738 2012 | No outcome given |
| NCT02512627 2015 | No outcome given |
| NCT02747784 2016 | Wrong patient population |
| NCT02774083 2015 | Wrong comparator |
| NCT02785315 2016 | Wrong intervention |
| NCT02808676 2016 | Wrong intervention |
| Neely 2013 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Ng 2015 | Wrong intervention |
| Ngandu 2015 | Wrong intervention |
| Ngandu 2015a | Wrong intervention |
| Nishiguchi 2015 | Wrong intervention |
| Nouchi 2012 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 4‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 32; cognitively healthy; mean age 69) |
| Nouchi 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks |
| Nozawa 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (3‐arm trial; n = 37; cognitively healthy; mean age 68) |
| O'Caoimh 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks |
| Oei 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 4‐week intervention period (5‐arm trial; n = 75; cognitively healthy; mean age 21) |
| Oliveira 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 10‐week intervention period. (2‐arm cohort study; n = 182; subjective memory complaints; mean age not reported, all over 50 years of age, conference abstract only) |
| Otsuka 2015 | Wrong study design |
| Park 2009 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Park 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 2‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 40; cognitively healthy; mean age 70) |
| Payne 2012 | Wrong intervention |
| Payne 2017 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks |
| Peretz 2011 | Wrong patient population |
| R000001637 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Rahe 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 6.5‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 30; cognitively healthy; mean age 67 years) |
| Rahe 2015a | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 7‐week intervention period (3‐arm trial; n = 81; cognitively healthy; mean age 68 years) |
| Rebok 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for excluded trial: Ball 2002 (trial ACTIVE) |
| Rebok 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for excluded trial: Ball 2002 (trial ACTIVE) |
| Redick 2013 | Younger than 30 years of age |
| Requena 2016 | Wrong intervention |
| Rizkalla 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 4‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 56; cognitively healthy; mean age 73 years) |
| Rojas 2013 | Wrong intervention |
| Rose 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 1‐month intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 59; cognitively healthy; mean age 67 years) |
| Rosen 2011 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 2‐month intervention period (2‐arm pilot trial; n = 12; participants with MCI; mean age 74) |
| Ryu 2013 | Wrong study design |
| Sakka 2015 | Wrong study design |
| Santos 2011 | Wrong comparator |
| Schoene 2015 | Duplicate |
| Schoene 2015a | Duplicate |
| Schumacher 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 10‐week intervention period (3‐arm trial; n = 63; cognitively healthy participants; mean age 72; conference abstract) |
| Shah 2012 | Wrong patient population |
| Shatil 2013 | Wrong patient population |
| Shatil 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 140; cognitively healthy; mean age 68) |
| Shatil 2014a | Duplicate citation |
| Sisco 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for excluded trial: Ball 2002 (trial ACTIVE) |
| Slegers 2009 | Wrong intervention |
| Smith 2009 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial IMPACT; n = 487; cognitively healthy; mean age 75 years) |
| Smith‐Ray 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 10‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 45; cognitively healthy; mean age 72) |
| Smith‐Ray 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 10‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 51; cognitively healthy; mean age 82) |
| Smith‐Ray 2015a | Duplicate |
| Solomon 2014 | Wrong comparator |
| Song 2009 | Wrong intervention |
| Stepankova 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 5‐week intervention period (3‐arm trial; n = 68; cognitively healthy; mean age 68 years) |
| Stine‐Morrow 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: CCT intervention period 10 weeks (3‐arm trial; n = 461; cognitively healthy; mean age 73 years) |
| Strenziok 2013 | Duplicate |
| Strenziok 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 6‐week intervention period (3‐arm trial; n = 42; cognitively healthy; mean age 69 years) |
| Sturz 2011 | Wrong patient population |
| Sturz 2011a | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Sturz 2015 | Duplicate |
| Styliadis 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention (5‐arm trial; n = 70; participants with MCI; mean age 71 years) |
| Styliadis 2015a | Duplicate |
| Suo 2012 | Wrong outcomes |
| Szelag 2012 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐week intervention period (3‐arm trial; n = 30; cognitively healthy; mean age 69 years) |
| Talib 2008 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 4‐session intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 23; cognitively healthy; mean age 68 years) |
| Tappen 2014 | Wrong intervention |
| Tennstedt 2013 | Study protocol: multiple reports for excluded trial: Ball 2002 (trial ACTIVE) |
| Tesky 2012 | Wrong intervention |
| Tsai 2008 | Wrong study design |
| Tsolaki 2013 | Nature of intervention unclear |
| Tucker‐Drob 2009 | Wrong study design |
| van den Berg 2016 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 2‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 58; rehabilitation inpatients with MMSE ≥ 21 (mean MMSE 26 with SD = 3 in experimental and 27 with SD = 3 in control); mean age 80 years) |
| van der Ploeg 2016 | Wrong study design |
| Van het Reve 2014 | Wrong patient population |
| Vance 2007 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 2 to 3 months (n = 159; cognitively healthy but with speed of processing impairment; mean age 75 years) |
| Vidovich 2009 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for excluded trial: Vidovich 2015 (PACE trial) |
| Vidovich 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 5‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 160; participants with MCI; mean age 75 years; PACE trial) |
| Vidovich 2015a | Duplicate |
| von Bastian 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 4‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 57 in the elderly subgroup; cognitively healthy; mean age 69 years in the elderly subgroup) |
| Wadley 2007 | Wrong study design |
| Walton 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 4‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 28; cognitively healthy; mean age 64 years) |
| Wang 2013 | Wrong intervention |
| Weicker 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 4‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = not reported; cognitively healthy; age 60 to 75 years; conference abstract) |
| Wild‐Wall 2012 | Wrong outcomes |
| Williams 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 3‐week intervention period (3‐arm trial; n = 103; mild impairment in cognition, expressed concern about cognitive changes, or mild dementia ‐ mean MMSE = 25.3; mean age 86 years) |
| Willis 1986 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 2‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 229; cognitively stable and cognitively declined participant subgroups; mean age 73 years) |
| Willis 2006 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for excluded trial: Ball 2002 (trial ACTIVE) |
| Willis 2006a | Duplicate |
| Willis 2007 | Duplicate |
| Willis 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for excluded trial: Ball 2002 (trial ACTIVE) |
| Wojtynska 2011 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 6‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial, stratified by 3 cognitive strata; n = 34 MCI, n = 29 AD, n = 12 cognitively healthy; participants with MCI and early dementia; mean age 69 years; conference abstract) |
| Wolinsky 2006 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for excluded trial: Ball 2002 (trial ACTIVE) |
| Wolinsky 2006a | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for excluded trial: Ball 2002 (trial ACTIVE) |
| Wolinsky 2010 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for excluded trial: Ball 2002 (trial ACTIVE) |
| Wolinsky 2010a | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for excluded trial: Ball 2002 (trial ACTIVE) |
| Wolinsky 2013 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for excluded trial: Wolinsky 2015 (IHAMS study) |
| Wolinsky 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 5‐ to 6‐week intervention period with booster at 11 months (4‐arm trial; n = 681; cognitively healthy; 50 to 64 years, n = 455; and 65 years and above, n = 226; Iowa Healthy and Active Minds Study (IHAMS study) |
| Yam 2014 | Wrong intervention |
| Yassuda 2015 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 8‐session intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 60; participants without depression/dementia; mean age not reported; conference abstract) |
| Yip 2012 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 5‐week intervention period (3‐arm trial; n = 56; participants with acquired brain injury and subjective memory complaints; mean age 52 years) |
| Yoonmi 2012 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 6‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 30; cognitively healthy; aged 65 to 80 years) |
| Youn 2011 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 5‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 40; participants with subjective memory complaints; mean age 69 years) |
| Zelinski 2011 | Wrong study design |
| Zelinski 2011a | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: multiple reports for excluded trial: Smith 2009 (IMPACT) |
| Zhuang 2013 | Wrong patient population |
| Zimmermann 2014 | Intervention shorter than 12 weeks: 6‐week intervention period (2‐arm trial; n = 20; cognitively healthy; mean age 68 years) |
MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination.