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(a) Representative Western blot bands of p~IκBα and total IκBα for each sample type. (b) IκBα phosphorylation expressed as the ratio of p~IκBα to total IκBα, normalized to NS 0% honey control. ∗ indicates a statistically significant difference from the NS control at that respective honey level. + indicates a statistically significant difference from the other concentrations of honey for that stimulus group. α=0.05, measured via two-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak post hoc.
