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. 2018 Apr 26;10(5):473. doi: 10.3390/polym10050473

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Variation in VO²⁺ concentration over time for pure Nafion and 5%@Nafion/SiO₂@270°C membranes before and after 21 days of immersion in V⁵⁺ solution; and (b) VO²⁺ permeability of pure Nafion and 5%@Nafion/SiO₂@270°C membranes before and after 21 days of immersion in V⁵⁺ solution.