Table 1. Baseline characteristics for both CAD patients and controls.
| Variables | Total | Cases | Controls | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 2888) | (n = 1566) | (n = 1322) | ||
| Male sex, n (%) | 2248 (77.8) | 1238 (79.1) | 1010 (76.4) | 0.087 |
| Age, years | 53 ± 7.9 | 53.3 ± 8 | 52.7 ± 7.8 | 0.053 |
| Dyslipidemia † , n (%) | 2344 (81.2) | 1414 (90.3) | 930 (70.3) | <0.0001 |
| Total Cholesterol, mg/dl | 193 (77-437) | 180 (77-437) | 205 (92-360) | <0.0001 |
| HDL, mg/dl | 44 (12-116) | 41 (18.2-115.8) | 48 (12-116) | <0.0001 |
| LDL, mg/dl | 114.8 (9.6-298) | 104.6 (15.6-298) | 127.2 (9.6-251) | <0.0001 |
| Lipoprotein (a), mg/dl | 15.1 (0.5-241) | 20.4 (0.5-241) | 12.8 (0.6-236) | <0.0001 |
| Apolipoprotein B, mg/dl | 93.2 (2.9-256.9) | 93.9 (4.9-256.9) | 92.5 (2.9-212.7) | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 132 (30-2500) | 141 (31-2500) | 121 (30-1361) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking status • , n (%) | 1039 (36) | 730 (46.6) | 309 (23.4) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1814 (62.8) | 1114 (71.1) | 700 (53) | <0.0001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 137.1 ± 19.6 | 137.9 ± 20.8 | 136.2 ± 18.1 | 0.024 |
| DBP, mmHg | 83.2 ± 11.5 | 82.6 ± 11.8 | 83.9 ± 11.1 | 0.002 |
| PWV, m/s | 8.5 ± 1.9 | 8.6 ± 1.9 | 8.3 ± 1.7 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 708 (24.5) | 533 (34) | 175 (13.2) | <0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 102 (53-458) | 106 (53-458) | 99 (71-393) | <0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.4 ± 4.4 | 28.6 ± 4.2 | 28.1 ± 4.5 | 0.007 |
| Level of exercise # , n (%) | 1334 (46.2) | 573 (36.6) | 761 (57.6) | <0.0001 |
| Family history of CAD, n (%) | 540 (18.7) | 373 (23.8) | 167 (12.6) | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 70.4 ± 12.2 | 68.8 ± 12.5 | 72.3 ± 11.5 | <0.0001 |
| FRS<10, n (%) | 1312 (45.4) | 629 (40.2) | 683 (51.7) | * |
| GRS | 0.58 ± 0.7 | 0.69 ± 0.8 | 0.49 ± 0.6 | <0.0001 |
| 10≤ FRS≤ 20, n (%) | 1049 (36.3) | 583 (37.2) | 466 (35.2) | * |
| GRS | 0.56 ± 0.6 | 0.62 ± 0.7 | 0.48 ± 0.4 | <0.0001 |
| FRS>20, n (%) | 527 (18.2) | 354 (22.6) | 173 (13.1) | * |
| GRS | 0.62 ± 0.6 | 0.70 ± 0.7 | 0.47 ± 0.4 | <0.0001 |
†
LDL>100, HDL<40 for men and <45 for women, Triglycerides>150 and Apo B>100; HDL, High-density lipoprotein; LDL, Low-density lipoprotein;
•
Current smokers or<5 years of cessation; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; PWV, Pulse wave velocity; BMI, Body mass index;
#
More than 40min/week; CAD, Coronary Artery Disease; bpm, beat per minute; FRS – 10-year Framingham risk score in %
*
Comparison of the 3 subgroups of FRS, p<0.0001; GRS, Genetic risk score; Biochemical variables are presented by median (minimum - maximum) and other continuous variables with mean ± standard deviation. Statistically significant for p<0.05.