Table 2. Efficacy and impact of SMC against malaria, parasitaemia, gametocyte carriage, anaemia, and deaths: Both age groups combined.
| Outcome | CCM | SMC+CCM | Efficacy (95% CI) | Difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaria cases, rate/1,000 (number of cases/1,000s of person-months)* | 128.3 (1,472/11.48) | 22.0 (270/12.27) | 83% (74%, 89%) | 106.3 (66.9, 145.6), p < 0.001 |
| Prevalence of parasitaemia†, percent (number positive/number sampled) | 21.5% (152/707) | 5.7% (41/717) | 73% (52%, 85%) | 15.8% (8.7%, 22.8%), p < 0.001 |
| Gametocyte carriage†, percent (number positive/number sampled) | 2.8% (20/707) | 1.1% (8/717) | 61% (−2.9%, 85%) | 1.7% (0%, 3.4%), p = 0.05 |
| Mean Hb, g/l† | 101 | 107 | 5.9 (1.6, 10.2), p = 0.009 | |
| Anaemia (Hb < 110 g/l)† | 63.1% | 51.5% | 18% (4.4%, 30%) | 11.6% (3.0%, 20.2%), p = 0.010 |
| Severe anaemia (Hb < 60 g/l)†, percent (number anaemic/number sampled) | 2.7% (19/707) | 1.3% (9/717) | 53% (−21%, 82%) | 1.4% (−0.25%, 3.1%), p = 0.093 |
| Deaths from all causes, rate/1,000 (number of deaths/1,000s of person-months)* | 1.0 (12/11.48) | 1.1 (14/12.27) | −0.10 (−1.18, 0.99), p = 0.856 |
Children aged less than 10 years (aged 3–119 months at cycle 1). The coefficient of variation between villages after stratification was 0.37 for malaria incidence. The intra-class correlation for parasite prevalence was 0.045 and for mean Hb concentration was 0.06. p-values from tests for interaction between age group and intervention (tests of effect modification by age group): malaria incidence, p = 0.631; prevalence of parasitaemia, p = 0.187; gametocyte carriage, p = 0.360; mean Hb concentration, p = 0.797; anaemia, p = 0.237; severe anaemia, p = 0.191.
*Confirmed cases or deaths per 1,000 child-months at risk (number of cases or deaths/1,000s of child-months).
†Measured at the end of the transmission season.
CCM, community case management; Hb, haemoglobin; SMC, seasonal malaria chemoprevention.