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Simulated membrane action potentials (AP) and selected underlying ionic currents generated under sinus rhythm (SR; left) and atrial fibrillation (AF; right) conditions, both paced at 1 Hz. A: AP. B: L-type Ca2+ current (ICaL). C: ultrarapid delayed rectifier K+ current (IKur). D: Ca2+-independent transient outward K+ current (Ito). E: total outward K+ current (IKtot).
