Fig 3. Phenotypic characterization of the Impad1^D175N/D175N mouse.

(A) Gross morphology of wild-type and Impad1^D175N/D175N newborn mice. Mutant animals die at birth and are considerably smaller than wild-type littermates demonstrating severe growth retardation. (B) X-rays of wild-type and mutant mice at birth. The mutant shows skeletal defects and growth retardation. (C) In Impad1^D175N/D175N mice cleft palate is observed (arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm. (D) Alcian blue and alizarin red skeletal staining of Impad1^D175N/D175N and wild-type bones at birth; the femur, tibia and fibula are markedly shorter compared to wild-type animals; rib cages of mutant mice display skeletal defects characterized by reduced sternal length and diminished rib spacing. Scale bars: 2 mm.