Table 3.

Hazard Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) for Composite Cardiovascular Disease and All-cause Mortality Associated with Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension Adjusting for Inflammatory Biomarkers

Model	Composite CVD		All-cause mortality
	HR (95% CI)	P Value	HR (95% CI)	P Value
Model 1	2.21 (1.94–2.51)	<0.001	1.79 (1.57–2.04)	<0.001
Model 2	1.49 (1.29–1.73)	<0.001	1.27 (1.09–1.48)	0.002
Model 3
+ High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein	1.49 (1.29–1.73)	<0.001	1.28 (1.10–1.49)	0.002
+ Fibrinogen	1.49 (1.29–1.73)	<0.001	1.27 (1.09–1.48)	0.002
+ Interleukin-6	1.49 (1.28–1.72)	<0.001	1.27 (1.09–1.48)	0.002
+ Tumor Necrosis Factor-α	1.50 (1.30–1.74)	<0.001	1.27 (1.09–1.48)	0.002
+ Interleukin-1β	1.50 (1.29–1.73)	<0.001	1.27 (1.09–1.48)	0.002
+ Interluekin-1 receptor antagonist	1.49 (1.29–1.73)	<0.001	1.27 (1.09–1.48)	0.002
+ Transforming growth factor-β	1.49 (1.29–1.73)	<0.001	1.27 (1.09–1.48)	0.002
Model 4	1.49 (1.28–1.73)	<0.001	1.28 (1.10–1.49)	0.001
Model 5	1.49 (1.29–1.73)	<0.001	1.27 (1.09–1.48)	0.002

Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and clinical site;Model 2: Model 1 + history of cardiovascular disease, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, systolic BP, use of antihypertensive medications, current cigarette smoking, diabetes, estimated-glomerular filtration rate, 24-hour urinary protein, fibroblast growth factor-23, and PTH;Model 3: Model 2 + individual inflammatory biomarkers;Model 4: Model 2 + interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β; Model 5: Model 2 + inflammation score.