Skip to main content
. 2019 Mar 7;10:380. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00380

Figure 2.

Figure 2

SAA enhances vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) expression in ApoE−/− mice leading to increased adhesion of circulating leukocytes. Upper panels: ApoE−/− mice were injected i.p. with SAA, LPS or sterile PBS vehicle and sacrificed 2 weeks after treatment was finalized (as described under Study 1; experimental design). This sections of thoracic aorta from vehicle (control)-, LPS-, and SAA-treated mice were stained with anti-VCAM-1, counterstained with hematoxylin then imaged by light microscopy (arrow indicates immune-reactive VCAM-1). Data is representative of aortae from n = 6 mice in control and SAA groups and n = 4 mice in the LPS-treatment group. Scale bar = 50 μm. Lower panels (A,B): Aortae were isolated from ApoE−/− mice treated with sterile PBS vehicle or SAA (as described under Study 2; experimental design). Aortae were carefully cleaned of fat and placed in an ex vivo dynamic flow adhesion system to assess the adherence of fluorescently labeled leukocytes using a live stage fluorescent microscope as described in Methods. (C) The total number of cells adherent to the vessel wall quantified time-dependently. Data represent mean ± SD, n = 4 mice per group. **Different to the vehicle control; P < 0.05; ***Different to the vehicle control; P < 0.05.