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. 2019 Mar 7;10:380. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00380

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Copyright © 2019 Chami, Hossain, Hambly, Cai, Aran, Fong, Vellajo, Martin, Wang, Dennis, Sharma, Shihata, Chin-Dusting, de Haan, Sharland, Geczy, Freedman and Witting.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cytokines and chemokines in kidneys from control, LPS and SAA-treated mice. ApoE^−/− mice were administered SAA, LPS or sterile PBS for 2 weeks (as described in Study 1). After a further 2 weeks mice were sacrificed and levels of (A) IL-1α, (B) IL-1β, (C) IL-2, (D) MCP-1, (E) IFN-γ, and (F) GM-CSF were determined in kidney homogenates with a commercial Multiplex kit. Data expressed as mean ± SD: control (n = 7), LPS (n = 8) and SAA (n = 6). *Different to the control; P < 0.05. ^#Different to the LPS group; P < 0.05. Note, renal levels of IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, TNFα, MIP-1α, and RANTES that were determined on the same ELISA plate were all markedly elevated above those detected in vehicle- and LPS-treated (control) mice albeit this was above the maximum detection limit and therefore, not quantified.