Table 2.
GLMs and least squares means between group performance on WM/EF tests
| Variables | EHC (N = 124) Mean (SE) | MCI (N = 48) Mean (SE) | AD (N = 57) Mean (SE) | GLM | P | Post hoc (ES) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digits forward Raw correct score |
8.77 (0.16) | 8.61 (0.26) | 7.24 (0.24) | F5, 219 = 15.55 | <.0001 | EHC vs. MCI P = .84 (ES = 0.09) EHC vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 0.94) MCI vs. AD P = .0005 (ES = 0.75) |
| Digits backward Raw correct score |
7.18 (0.19) | 6.50 (0.30) | 4.34 (0.28) | F5, 219 = 19.02 | <.0001 | EHC vs. MCI P = .14 (ES = 0.32) EHC vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 1.33) MCI vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 1.02) |
| Letter-number repetition Raw correct score |
7.11 (0.19) | 6.08 (0.30) | 4.55 (0.29) | F5, 219 = 15.24 | <.0001 | EHC vs. MCI P = .01 (ES = 0.49) EHC vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 1.19) MCI vs. AD P = .0009 (ES = 0.71) |
| Letter-number manipulation Raw correct score |
5.32 (0.14) | 4.23 (0.22) | 2.45 (0.21) | F5, 219 = 39.82 | <.0001 | EHC vs. MCI P = .0002 (ES = 0.70) EHC vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 1.82) MCI vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 1.13) |
| TMT-A seconds |
34.92 (2.95) | 44.53 (4.60) | 90.01 (4.35) | F5, 219 = 27.18 | <.0001 | EHC vs. MCI P = .19 (ES = 0.29) EHC vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 1.67) MCI vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 1.39) |
| TMT-B seconds |
83.73 (5.00) | 130.90 (7.80) | 206.69 (7.37) | F5, 219 = 49.04 | <.0001 | EHC vs. MCI P < .0001 (ES = 0.85) EHC vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 2.20) MCI vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 1.37) |
| TMT B-A seconds |
49.41 (4.40) | 87.26 (6.87) | 140.82 (6.48) | F5, 219 = 36.56 | <.0001 | EHC vs. MCI P < .0001 (ES = 0.78) EHC vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 1.85) MCI vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 1.10) |
| Zero-back accuracy | 97.58 (0.89) | 92.50 (1.39) | 88.91 (1.32) | F5, 219 = 8.70 | <.0001 | EHC vs. MCI P = .007 (ES = 0.52) EHC vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 0.87) MCI vs. AD P = .15 (ES = 0.36) |
| One-back accuracy | 61.86 (2.09) | 49.35 (3.27) | 32.18 (3.08) | F5, 219 = 19.53 | <.0001 | EHC vs. MCI P = .004 (ES = 0.55) EHC vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 1.27) MCI vs. AD P = .0005 (ES = 0.74) |
| Tower test | 17.45 (0.51) | 12.48 (0.80) | 8.24 (0.76) | F5, 219 = 24.62 | <.0001 | EHC vs. MCI P < .0001 (ES = 0.88) EHC vs. AD P < .0001 (ES = 1.61) MCI vs. AD P = .0005 (ES = 0.74) |
| Stroop neutral T score |
37.34 (0.60) | 33.73 (0.97) | - | F5, 162 = 23.97 | <.0001 | ES = 0.54 |
| Stroop affective T score |
39.23 (0.65) | 33.14 (1.04) | - | F5, 162 = 23.97 | <.0001 | ES = 0.84 |