Fig. 3.

Dietary fatty acids alter membrane fluidity in N2A cells. a Representative thermotropic characterization of the DPPC/fatty acid systems using DSC: control (T_m = 41.68 °C), MA (43.08 °C), AA (41.04 °C), EPA (40.85 °C), and DHA (40.40 °C). b Effects of DPPC/fatty acids on melting temperatures (ΔT_m) with respect to DPPC membranes. Experiments were performed from two independent preparations. c Estimation plot with all tether force data points presented as a swarmplot for control, pentadecanoic acid (PDA), MA, AA, EPA, and DHA (100 µM)-treated N2A cells. d Estimation plot with all tether force data points presented as a swarmplot for latrunculin A (1 µM; 1 h)-treated N2A control cells and supplemented with MA (100 μM) or EPA (100 μM). Bootstraps with 99.9% confidence interval and a comparison with the mean of the control group are displayed to the right and bottom of the raw data, respectively. Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. Asterisks indicate values significantly different from control (^∗∗∗p < 0.001, ^∗∗p < 0.01, and ^∗p < 0.05) and n.s. indicates not significantly different from the control. n is denoted above the x-axes