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. 2019 Mar 13;9:4370. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39552-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Differential DNA damage response between fibroblasts and cord blood after exposure to conditioned media from BeWo barriers. The level of DNA damage in fibroblasts as recorded by either the mean tail moment, using the alkaline comet assay (A–F), or immunocytochemical analysis of the mean number of γ-H2AX foci per cell (DNA double-strand breaks). (G,H) Values are shown for fibroblasts (left hand column) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) mononuclear cells (right hand column) after a 24 hour exposure to conditioned media below BeWo barriers resting on transwell inserts. The top surface of BeWo barriers was exposed to culture media without (open histograms) or with (shaded histograms) (A,B) 0.4 uM Cr(VI); (C,D) LPS or PolyI:C (ng/ml); (E,F) altered levels of oxygen; (G,H) etoposide (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μM). Representative images of (I) comet assay and (J) γ-H2AX immunostaining are shown. Plots represent the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. n = 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 as determined by unpaired two-tailed student’s t-test.