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. 2019 Mar 13;10:1203. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09174-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — PARP1 regulates VSMCs osteogenic transition, not Na/P co-transporter. a, b Quantitative RT-PCR (a) and western blot (b) analysis of PIT1 and PIT2 expression in VSMCs, which were infected with Scrambled (Scr shRNA) or PARP1 shRNA, and treated with high Pi. c–e Rat VSMCs were infected with adenovirus carrying Scr shRNA, PARP1 shRNA, Null or PARP1 gene for 48 h and then incubated with osteogenic media for 14 days. PARP1 inhibitors 3AB (10 mM) and PJ34 (10 μM) were added every day. Western blot analysis and related quantification of osteogenic-related marker genes (OPN, ColIA1, and OC) and smooth muscle marker genes (SMA, SM22 and SMMHC) expression in VSMCs with PARP1 knockdown (c), PARP1 inhibitors 3AB and PJ34 (d), and PARP1 overexpression (e). (n = 5 for each group). Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA for multiple comparison and two-tailed t-tests for two groups and is presented as follows: NS: no significance, **P < 0.01 and ^##P < 0.01. All values are means ± S.D.