Table 1.
Effect of Bt rice on survival and development of S. zeamais immature stages.
| Generation | stages | Parameter | Rice cultivars | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-GM rice | Bt rice | ||||
| 1 | Egg | Survival rate (%) | 94.56 ± 2.86* | 95.18 ± 2.48 | 0.56 |
| Duration (d) | 8.68 ± 1.24 | 8.46 ± 1.58 | 0.41 | ||
| Larva | Survival rate (%) | 92.46 ± 3.64 | 91.66 ± 3.85 | 0.95 | |
| Duration (d) | 18.84 ± 1.97 | 18.27 ± 2.02 | 0.96 | ||
| Pupa | Survival rate (%) | 88.34 ± 3.91 | 89.26 ± 3.59 | 0.61 | |
| Duration (d) | 9.27 ± 1.08 | 9.58 ± 1.26 | 0.40 | ||
| Nonage | Survival rate (%) | 82.25 ± 4.86 | 83.54 ± 5.23 | 0.98 | |
| Duration (d) | 35.87 ± 2.86 | 36.05 ± 2.13 | 0.68 | ||
| 5 | Egg | Survival rate (%) | 95.76 ± 3.05 | 95.44 ± 2.62 | 0.55 |
| Duration (d) | 8.04 ± 1.82 | 8.52 ± 1.36 | 0.31 | ||
| Larva | Survival rate (%) | 92.94 ± 2.89 | 92.13 ± 3.57 | 0.51 | |
| Duration (d) | 19.26 ± 1.96 | 18.53 ± 2.19 | 0.24 | ||
| Pupa | Survival rate (%) | 87.92 ± 3.64 | 88.06 ± 2.93 | 0.47 | |
| Duration (d) | 9.46 ± 1.17 | 8.94 ± 1.44 | 0.49 | ||
| Nonage | Survival rate (%) | 82.42 ± 4.67 | 82.76 ± 4.56 | 0.17 | |
| Duration (d) | 36.23 ± 2.55 | 35.75 ± 3.02 | 0.58 | ||
| 10 | Egg | Survival rate (%) | 96.38 ± 2.14 | 96.12 ± 2.62 | 0.66 |
| Duration (d) | 7.98 ± 1.86 | 8.26 ± 1.64 | 0.76 | ||
| Larva | Survival rate (%) | 90.95 ± 4.21 | 91.86 ± 3.86 | 0.50 | |
| Duration (d) | 18.71 ± 2.08 | 19.02 ± 2.43 | 0.80 | ||
| Pupa | Survival rate (%) | 88.81 ± 3.76 | 87.72 ± 3.53 | 0.96 | |
| Duration (d) | 9.12 ± 1.33 | 9.28 ± 1.51 | 0.67 | ||
| Nonage | Survival rate (%) | 83.18 ± 4.73 | 82.48 ± 4.28 | 0.81 | |
| Duration (d) | 36.19 ± 2.08 | 36.47 ± 2.64 | 0.64 | ||
| 15 | Egg | Survival rate (%) | 95.64 ± 2.76 | 96.44 ± 1.96 | 0.27 |
| Duration (d) | 8.06 ± 1.66 | 8.42 ± 1.72 | 0.91 | ||
| Larva | Survival rate (%) | 93.47 ± 3.03 | 92.49 ± 2.67 | 0.88 | |
| Duration (d) | 18.79 ± 2.75 | 19.04 ± 2.37 | 0.90 | ||
| Pupa | Survival rate (%) | 90.22 ± 3.87 | 88.49 ± 3.12 | 0.59 | |
| Duration (d) | 8.86 ± 1.59 | 9.07 ± 1.37 | 0.69 | ||
| Nonage | Survival rate (%) | 82.87 ± 4.62 | 82.16 ± 4.32 | 0.91 | |
| Duration (d) | 35.86 ± 2.96 | 35.28 ± 2.37 | 0.86 | ||
| 20 | Egg | Survival rate (%) | 94.98 ± 2.94 | 95.40 ± 2.24 | 0.81 |
| Duration (d) | 8.56 ± 1.48 | 8.36 ± 1.54 | 0.91 | ||
| Larva | Survival rate (%) | 93.09 ± 3.51 | 92.43 ± 2.69 | 0.67 | |
| Duration (d) | 18.41 ± 2.63 | 18.59 ± 2.14 | 0.74 | ||
| Pupa | Survival rate (%) | 87.91 ± 4.03 | 89.59 ± 3.92 | 0.89 | |
| Duration (d) | 9.34 ± 1.45 | 9.23 ± 1.06 | 0.43 | ||
| Nonage | Survival rate (%) | 83.02 ± 4.81 | 82.86 ± 4.53 | 0.92 | |
| Duration (d) | 36.12 ± 2.81 | 35.74 ± 2.29 | 0.78 | ||
| 25 | Egg | Survival rate (%) | 95.46 ± 2.68 | 95.56 ± 2.36 | 0.48 |
| Duration (d) | 8.44 ± 1.32 | 8.18 ± 1.52 | 0.54 | ||
| Larva | Survival rate (%) | 92.58 ± 2.87 | 91.86 ± 2.98 | 0.86 | |
| Duration (d) | 19.07 ± 2.73 | 18.83 ± 2.16 | 0.76 | ||
| Pupa | Survival rate (%) | 88.64 ± 3.65 | 88.51 ± 3.26 | 0.71 | |
| Duration (d) | 9.48 ± 1.53 | 9.19 ± 1.48 | 0.92 | ||
| Nonage | Survival rate (%) | 82.81 ± 4.29 | 82.53 ± 4.74 | 0.92 | |
| Duration (d) | 35.82 ± 2.77 | 35.49 ± 2.23 | 0.59 | ||
Note: *All values are means ± standard deviations.