Table 1. Symptoms and signs associated with GERD in infants and children.

Symptoms	Signs
Heartburn/chest pain	Esophageal mucosal complications (esophagitis, esophageal stricture, Barrett's esophagus)
Epigastric pain	Recurrent/chronic desaturations
Regurgitation/vomiting	Recurrent aspiration pneumonia
Recurrent inconsolable crying/irritability	Laryngitis
Hematemesis	Recurrent otitis media
Feeding refusal	Abnormal posturing/Sandifer syndrome
Odyno/dysphagia, hoarseness	Failure to thrive/weight loss
Recurrent/chronic dry cough, wheezing/ALTE/BRUE	Dental erosions
Disturbed sleep	-
Seizure episodes	-

GERD: gastro-esophageal reflux disease, ALTE: apparent life-threatening event, BRUE: brief resolved unexplained event.