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. 2019 Mar 13;9:4328. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40919-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Single-point focusing experiment. (a) Comparison of three photoacoustic signals. The blue line represents the corresponding photoacoustic signal when the DMD loads a random mask, and the black line represents the corresponding photoacoustic signal when the DMD pixels are fully turned on. The red line represents the photoacoustic signal of the optimal mask after optimization. (b) The evolution curves of the averaged fitness value in the evolution processes of the genetic algorithm. The red line indicates the result using wavelet denoising and correlation detection method, and the blue line indicates the signals only averaged. (c) The speckle pattern captured by the CCD before optimization. (d) The focusing image captured by the CCD after optimization.