Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included after systematic review of the literature
| Study | N | Low risk, n (%) | Men, n (%) | Age (standard deviation or interquartile range) | Early discharge, n (%) | Exposure | Study population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erol et al.18 | 110 | 34 (31), sPESI | 14 (42) | 47 (range 21–79) | 0 | RV dysfunction (echo), TnI, NT-proBNP | Pneumology Department |
| Singanayagam et al.20 | 585 | 288 (49), PESI | 251 (43)a | 55% >65 yearsa | — | RV dysfunction (CTPA) | Without known thrombophilia, haematological malignancy, or ongoing anticoagulation (Emergency Room) |
| Palmieri et al.19 | 89 | 27 (30), PESI | 6 (22) | 24 (18) PESI I, 57 (21) PESI II | — | RV dysfunction (echo), Troponin | Acute central without renal failure, recent acute coronary syndrome, or haemodynamic instability on admission (Emergency Room) |
| PROTECT27,28 | 848 | 313 (37), sPESI | 416 (49)a | 72 (59–80)a | — | RV dysfunction (echo and CTPA), BNP | Without haemodynamic instability, life expectancy <3 months, pregnancy, geographic inaccessibility |
| PREP21 | 529 | 329 (62), PESI | 247 (47)a | 67 (52–77)a | — | RV dysfunction (echo), TnI, BNP | Patients not anticoagulated for >24 h or with cardiogenic shock at admission |
| Côté et al.11 | 779 | 779 (100), sPESI | 347 (45)a | 61 (44–72)a | — | RV dysfunction (CTPA) | Patients from PREP study, PROTECT study, and consecutive patients from a single-centre prospective registry |
| Hakemi et al.22 | 298 | 173 (58), PESI | 151 (51)a | 56 (13)a | — | hsTnI | Patients admitted for acute PE |
| Lankeit et al.29 | 526 | 198 (37), sPESI | 266 (51)a | 71 (55–79)a | — | TnI | Normotensive patients at presentation; PERGO, PROTECT, and Polish cohorts |
| Lankeit et al.30 | 688 | 258 (38), sPESI | 326 (47)a | 70 (54–78)a | — | NT-proBNP | |
| Vanni et al.23 | 540 | 145 (31), PESI | 65 (45) | 73% >65 years | — | RV dysfunction (echo) | Emergency Room |
| Kartal et al.31 | 68 | 30 (44), sPESI | 30 (44)a | 60 (18)a | 23 (34) | TnI | Without prior pulmonary hypertension, suboptimal imaging tests, and pregnancy (Emergency Room) |
| Moores et al.24 | 567 | 191 (34), PESI | 245 (43)a | 74% >65 yearsa | 191 (100) | TnI | Outpatients (Emergency Room) |
| Ozsu et al.32 | 121 | 45 (38), sPESI | 52 (43)a | 70 (55–76)a | — | hsTnT, TnT | Emergency Room |
| Ozsu et al.33 | 206 | 59 (29), sPESI | 82 (40)a | 71 (58–80) | 31 (15) | TnT | Emergency Room |
| SWIVTER34 | 369 | 106 (29), sPESI | 66 (62) | 72 (13) | 49 (46) | TnI, TnT, hsTnT | With available troponin measurement |
| Polo Friz et al.35 | 106 | 34 (32), sPESI | 35 (33)a | 74 (14)a | — | hsTNT | Emergency Department |
| Weekes et al.36 | 123 | 53 (43), sPESI | 63 (51)a | 59 (43–69)a | — | RV dysfunction (CTPA), TnI, BNP | Emergency Room |
| Choi et al.25 | 657 | 363 (64), PESI | 295 (45) | 68 | — | RV dysfunction (echo), TnI, NT-proBNP | Hospitalized because of acute PE |
| HESTIA38 | 530 | 297 (56), Hestia | 159 (58) | 55 (16) | 275 (100) | RV dysfunction (echo) | Selected for anticoagulant treatment at home |
| VESTA37 | 1102 | 550 (50), Hestia | 297 (54) | 54 (15) | 275 (100) | NT-proBNP | Selected for anticoagulant treatment at home, life expectancy >3 months |
| Systematic review only | |||||||
| Singanayagam et al.26 | 411 | 214 (52), PESI | 177 (43)a | 55% >65 yearsa | — | TnI | First PE; without thrombophilia, haematological malignancy, or ongoing anticoagulation (Emergency Room) |
BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; CTPA, computed tomography pulmonary angiography; hsTnI, (high sensitivity) troponin I; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PE, pulmonary embolism; RV, right ventricular; (s)PESI, (simplified) pulmonary embolism severity index; TnT, troponinT.
a
Baseline characteristics referring to the overall study population.