Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants.
| Characteristics | Total (N=69) | Digital intervention group (N=38) | Conventional rehabilitation group (N=31) | P valuea | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 68.5 (7.0) | 67.3 (6.8) | 70.0 (7.2) | 0.12b | |
| Gender, female, n (%) | 54 (78.3) | 32 (84.2) | 22 (71.0) | 0.30c | |
| Operated knee - right, n (%) | 38 (55.1) | 23 (63.2) | 14 (45.2) | 0.21c | |
| Comorbidities and known risk factors for adverse events | |||||
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 30.9 (4.9) | 31.0 (4.5) | 30.8 (5.4) | 0.84b | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 8 (11.6) | 4 (10.5) | 4 (12.9) | 1.00d | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 48 (69.6) | 25 (65.8) | 23 (74.2) | 0.62c | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 11 (15.9) | 7 (18.4) | 4 (12.9) | 0.74d | |
| Pulmonary disease, n (%) | 9 (13.0) | 3 (7.9) | 6 (19.4) | 0.28d | |
| Cardiac disease, n (%) | 4 (5.8) | 2 (5.3) | 2 (6.5) | 1.00d | |
| Stroke, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/Ae | |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.2) | 0.45d | |
| Bleeding disorders, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A | |
| ASAf class 3 or 4g, n (%) | 10 (14.5) | 5 (13.2) | 5 (16.1) | 0.74d | |
| Steroids for chronic condition, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A | |
| Previous contralateral knee replacement, n (%) | 17 (24.6) | 7 (18.4) | 10 (32.3) | 0.30c | |
| Previous hip replacement, n (%) | 3 (4.3) | 3 (7.9) | 0 (0) | 0.25d | |
| Hospital admission and surgical procedure | |||||
| Time between admission and surgery (hours) | <24 | <24 | <24 | N/A | |
| Operative time (min), mean (SD) | 62.6 (11.3) | 62.4 (9.87) | 62.8 (13.0) | 0.89b | |
| Minor adverse events before discharge, n (%) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.2) | 0.45d | |
| Hospital length of stay (days), median (interquartile range) | 6 (1.0) | 6 (1.0) | 6 (2.0) | 0.83c | |
aMann-Whitney U test.
bIndependent samples t test.
cChi square test.
dFisher exact test.
eN/A: not applicable.
fASA: American Society of Anesthesiology.
gAmerican Society of Anesthesiology physical status classification system.