Table 4.
Results of the secondary outcome measures (knee range of motion).
| Outcome variables | Digital intervention group, mean (SD) | Control group, mean (SD) | P valuea | Estimate difference between groups | 95% CI | |
| Baseline | ||||||
|
|
Lying flexion | 80.7 (12.4) | 84.7 (18.7) | .34 | 4.0 | –12.2 to 4.3 |
|
|
Sitting flexion | 85.3 (16.0) | 90.4 (13.1) | .19 | 5.1 | –12.8 to 2.5 |
|
|
Standing flexion | 71.6 (20.3) | 78.8 (16.6) | .15 | 7.2 | –16.8 to 2.6 |
|
|
Sitting extension | 26.5 (8.4) | 24.8 (7.8) | .43 | 1.7 | –2.5 to 6.0 |
| At 3 months | ||||||
|
|
Lying flexion | 100.1 (12.6) | 93.3 (13.6) | .052 | 6.8 | –0.04 to 13.62 |
|
|
Sitting flexion | 102.5 (13.1) | 96 (11.3) | .046 | 6.5 | 0.10-12.89 |
|
|
Standing flexion | 95.6 (10.2) | 84.9 (10.4) | <.001 | 10.7 | 5.22-16.08 |
|
|
Sitting extension | 11.8 (8.3) | 19 (8.8) | .002 | –7.2 | 2.73-11.65 |
| Change from baseline to 3 months | ||||||
|
|
Lying flexion | 19.4 (15.5) | 8.7 (15.1) | .009 | 10.7 | 2.8-18.7 |
|
|
Sitting flexion | 17.3 (20.1) | 5.7 (14.7) | .01 | 11.6 | 2.4-20.8 |
|
|
Standing flexion | 23.9 (17.6) | 6.1 (14.1) | <.001 | 17.8 | 9.5-26.2 |
|
|
Sitting extension | –14.8 (9.0) | –5.9 (11.6) | .002 | -8.9 | –3.5 to –14.3 |
| At 6 months | ||||||
|
|
Lying flexion | 103.4 (10.6) | 101.5 (13.3) | .55 | 1.9 | –4.38 to 8.15 |
|
|
Sitting flexion | 102.5 (10.8) | 102.2 (12.3) | .93 | 0.3 | –5.77 to 6.29 |
|
|
Standing flexion | 97.4 (9.9) | 89.9 (11.7) | .01 | 7.5 | 1.78-13.08 |
|
|
Sitting extension | 7.1 (6.6) | 9.7 (5.8) | .12 | –2.6 | –5.83 to 0.64 |
| Change from baseline to 6 months | ||||||
|
|
Lying flexion | 22.7 (12.9) | 16.8 (17.4) | .15 | 5.8 | –2.1 to 13.8 |
|
|
Sitting flexion | 17.2 (19.1) | 11.9 (13.9) | .22 | 5.4 | –3.4 to 14.1 |
|
|
Standing flexion | 25.7 (20.1) | 11.2 (14.0) | .002 | 14.6 | 5.5-23.6 |
|
|
Sitting extension | –19.4 (8.4) | –15.1 (8.7) | .06 | –4.3 | –8.8 to 0.2 |
aIndependent samples t test.