Table 4.
Baseline characteristics by treatment arm.
| Characteristic at baseline | Total (N=100a) | Simultaneous (n=32) | Sequential (n=34) | App-Only (n=34) | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 42.7 (11.7) | 43.8 (13) | 42.1 (11) | 42.3 (12) | |
| Gender, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Male | 16 (16.0) | 8 (25) | 4 (12) | 4 (12) |
|
|
Female | 84 (84.0) | 24 (75) | 30 (88) | 30 (88) |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Married or living with partner | 64 (64.0) | 22 (69) | 18 (53) | 24 (71) |
|
|
Not married or living with partner | 36 (36.0) | 10 (31) | 16 (47) | 10 (29) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Non-Hispanic white | 67 (67.0) | 21 (66) | 23 (68) | 23 (68) |
|
|
Non-Hispanic black | 22 (22.0) | 9 (28) | 6 (18) | 7 (21) |
|
|
Hispanic (all races) | 3 (3.0) | 0 (0) | 2 (6) | 1 (3) |
|
|
Non-Hispanic other | 8 (8.0) | 2 (6) | 3 (9) | 3 (9) |
| Education, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Less than college graduate | 17 (17.0) | 7 (22) | 6 (18) | 4 (12) |
|
|
College graduate or above | 83 (83.0) | 25 (78) | 28 (82) | 30 (88) |
| Employment status, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Employed, full-time | 67 (67.0) | 20 (63) | 27 (79) | 20 (59) |
|
|
Employed, part-time | 11 (11.0) | 3 (9) | 1 (3) | 7 (21) |
|
|
Not employed | 22 (22.0) | 9 (28) | 6 (18) | 7 (21) |
| Annual household income, in US dollars, n (%) | |||||
|
|
$0-$49,999 | 26 (26.0) | 8 (25) | 9 (27) | 9 (27) |
|
|
$50,000-$99,999 | 36 (36.0) | 14 (44) | 12 (35) | 10 (29) |
|
|
$100,000 or greater | 34 (34.0) | 9 (28) | 11 (32) | 14 (41) |
|
|
Unknown/not reported | 4 (4.0) | 1 (3) | 2 (6) | 1 (3) |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 89.6 (16.0) | 89.3 (17) | 90.8 (17) | 88.6 (15) | |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 31.9 (4.5) | 31.3 (4) | 32.6 (5) | 31.7 (4) | |
| Body mass index category, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Overweight, 25-29.9 kg/m2 | 40 (40.0) | 13 (41) | 12 (35) | 15 (44) |
|
|
Class 1 obesity, 30-34.9 kg/m2 | 38 (38.0) | 14 (44) | 13 (38) | 11 (32) |
|
|
Class 2 obesity, 35-39.9 kg/m2 | 17 (17.0) | 4 (13) | 6 (18) | 7 (21) |
|
|
Class 3 obesity, 40+ kg/m2 | 5 (5.0) | 1 (3) | 3 (99) | 1 (3) |
| Self-monitoring of diet frequency, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Daily | 6 (6.0) | 1 (3) | 2 (6) | 3 (9) |
|
|
1 to 6 times per week | 14 (14.0) | 6 (19) | 4 (12) | 4 (12) |
|
|
Less than 1 time per week | 24 (24.0) | 4 (13) | 11 (32) | 9 (27) |
|
|
Never | 56 (56.0) | 21 (66) | 17 (50) | 18 (53) |
| Self-monitoring of weight frequency, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Daily | 11 (11.0) | 6 (19) | 2 (6) | 3 (9) |
|
|
1 to 6 times per week | 35 (35.0) | 6 (19) | 14 (41) | 15 (44) |
|
|
Less than 1 time per week | 41 (41.0) | 13 (41) | 16 (47) | 12 (35) |
|
|
Never | 13 (13.0) | 7 (22) | 2 (6) | 4 (12) |
| Type of smartphone, n (%) | |||||
|
|
iPhone | 54 (54.0) | 17 (53) | 16 (47) | 21 (62) |
|
|
Android | 46 (46.0) | 15 (47) | 18 (53) | 13 (38) |
| MyFitnessPal already on phone before study, n (%) | 20 (20.0) | 6 (19) | 9 (27) | 5 (15) | |
aFive participants omitted because they became ineligible during the intervention period.