Table 1.

Causes of Hypertriglyceridemia

Cause
Genetic (primary) (12, 37, 40)
Familial hyperchylomicronemia
Autosomal recessive mutations in LPL, APOC2, APOA5, LMF1, GPIHBP1, or GPD1
Increased TGs/chylomicrons
Familial combined hyperlipidemia
Due to rare variants in genes associated with hypertriglyceridemia
Familial hypertriglyceridemia
Polygenic
Elevated TCs, TGs, apoB
Dysbetalipoproteinemia (familial type III)
Autosomal recessive mutation in APOE
Defective apoE (apo EII/EII phenotype)
Increased TC/TG, VLDL remnants, and chylomicrons
Nongenetic (secondary) (12, 37, 40)
Hypothyroidism
Pregnancy (especially in the third trimester)
Poorly controlled diabetes
Obesity
Alcohol intake
Metabolic syndrome
Renal disease (nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis)
Acute hepatitis
Diet (high saturated fat or high glycemic index)
Systemic lupus erythematosus
HIV
Cushing syndrome
Lipodystrophy
Glycogen storage disease
Drugs (12, 37, 40)
Nonselective β blockers
Corticosteroids
Oral estrogens
Diuretics (thiazides)
Tamoxifen, raloxifene
Androgens
Bile acid sequestrants
Cyclosporine
Atypical antipsychotics
Sirolimus, tacrolimus
l-asparaginase retinoic acid drugs (isotretinoin)
Cyclophosphamide
Protease inhibitors
Interferon

Abbreviation: TC, total cholesterol.