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. 2019 Jan 14;70(5):1581–1595. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz006

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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 9. — Working model for the role of CaWRKY41 in regulating Cd sensitivity and R. solanacearum resistance in pepper. Cd toxicity induces H₂O₂ production and inhibits the activity of ROS-scavenging enzymes, leading to accumulation of H₂O₂ and up-regulation of CaWRKY41. Subsequently, CaWRKY41 directly or indirectly activates the expression of ROS-producing genes (RBOH C-F) and Zn transporters (ZIP3, ZIP5, and ZIP9), and inhibits the expression of ROS-scavenging enzymes (CAT1, APX1, SOD1, SOD2, and GST2). Finally, a positive feedback loop between H₂O₂ accumulation and CaWRKY41 up-regulation coordinates the responses of pepper to R. solanacearum infection and Cd toxicity.