FIG 2.

Deletion of the pmrAB TCS genes results in increased OMV biogenesis in C. rodentium. OMVs isolated from the C. rodentium wild-type, ΔpmrAB, and ΔpmrAB pWSKpmrAB strains grown in the presence of 50 μM FeCl₂ were quantified by measuring protein and lipid contents (A) Protein content of OMVs was measured using the DC protein assay. Protein concentration was calculated using BSA as a standard. (B) The lipid content of OMV samples was determined by using the lipophilic dye FM 1-43. Cultures were grown to mid-log phase and normalized to an OD₅₉₅ of 0.5 prior to OMV isolation. Values shown are the means ± standard error from three independent experiments. Significance was assessed relative to wild-type using one-way ANOVA; ****, P ≤ 0.0001; ***, P ≤ 0.001.