Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the study participants by sex
| Variable | Men (n = 176) | Women (n = 285) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| SOX2 promoter beta value | 0.1631 ± 0.0123 | 0.1574 ± 0.0124 | < .0001 |
| Area | 0.5223 | ||
| Northern | 86 (48.86%) | 148 (51.93%) | |
| Central and southern | 90 (51.14%) | 137 (48.07%) | |
| Age | 48.8693 ± 11.7430 | 48.7895 ± 11.0194 | 0.9413 |
| Exposure to SHS | 0.9857 | ||
| No | 158 (89.77%) | 256 (89.82%) | |
| Yes | 18 (10.23%) | 29 (10.18%) | |
| Exercise | 0.4866 | ||
| No | 104 (59.09%) | 159 (55.79%) | |
| Yes | 72 (40.91%) | 126 (44.21%) | |
| Drinking | 0.0004 | ||
| Never | 160 (90.91%) | 281 (98.60%) | |
| Former | 4 (2.27%) | 1 (0.35%) | |
| Current | 12 (6.82%) | 3 (1.05%) | |
| Body fat (%) | 22.5494 ± 5.6312 | 31.1582 ± 6.2627 | < .0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8437 ± 3.5941 | 23.0715 ± 3.3297 | < .0001 |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.8848 ± 0.0542 | 0.827 ± 0.0659 | < .0001 |
| Asthma | 0.8177 | ||
| No | 167 (94.89%) | 269 (94.39%) | |
| Yes | 9 (5.11%) | 16 (5.61%) | |
| Emphysema | 0.3410 | ||
| No | 173 (98.30%) | 276 (96.84%) | |
| Yes | 3 (1.70%) | 9 (3.16%) |
Continuous variables, e.g., age and BMI, are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), while categorical variables, e.g., exercise and drinking, are expressed as percentages (%)