Table 3.
Health-related quality of life (RAND-36) outcomes at baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months according to treatment group, within group differences and between group comparisons of difference from baseline to 12 months
| Outcome measure | Mean (SD) crude scores | Difference between baseline and 12 months (95% CI) repeated measures regression1 | Treatment difference (95% CI) repeated measures regression1 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | ||
| Physical functioning | |||||
| Baseline | 78.8 (13.6) | 82.0 (12.8) | |||
| 3 months | 85.8 (10.3) | 83.0 (13.6) | |||
| 6 months | 88.0 (8.8) | 82.8 (10.3) | |||
| 12 months | 89.3 (8.0) | 83.0 (13.2) | 10.5 (4.8 to 16.2) | 0.9 (−4.7 to 6.6) | 9.6 (1.6 to 17.6) |
| Role-physical (NB) | |||||
| Baseline | 60.0 (40.9) | 66.3 (34.7) | |||
| 3 months | 72.5 (26.8) | 67.5 (35.4) | |||
| 6 months | 78.8 (29.6) | 70.0 (29.9) | |||
| 12 months | 91.3 (18.6) | 68.8 (37.1) | 32.7 (−11.3 to 76.8) | 1.3 (−38.0 to 40.5) | 31.5 (−27.5 to 90.5) |
| Role-emotional (NB) | |||||
| Baseline | 81.7 (35.0) | 90.0 (26.7) | |||
| 3 months | 93.3 (13.7) | 88.3 (27.1) | |||
| 6 months | 93.3 (23.2) | 90.0 (21.9) | |||
| 12 months | 96.7 (10.3) | 91.7 (18.3) | 14.9 (−8.6 to 38.5) | 1.7 (−22.3 to 25.8) | 13.2 (−20.4 to 46.9) |
| Energy/fatigue | |||||
| Baseline | 65.0 (16.9) | 73.5 (18.8) | |||
| 3 months | 66.8 (17.0) | 73.3 (18.7) | |||
| 6 months | 75.5 (14.4) | 69.3 (14.5) | |||
| 12 months | 72.3 (11.8) | 75.5 (13.2) | 7.1 (2.0 to 12.2) | 2.0 (−3.3 to 7.3) | 5.1 (−2.2 to 12.5) |
| Mental health | |||||
| Baseline | 74.8 (17.8) | 81.4 (15.0) | |||
| 3 months | 75.6 (16.9) | 77.6 (16.9) | |||
| 6 months | 78.8 (14.4) | 79.8 (11.8) | |||
| 12 months | 79.0 (12.3) | 79.6 (13.2) | 4.2 (−1.3 to 9.6) | −1.8 (−7.4 to 3.8) | 6.0 (−1.8 to 13.7) |
| Social functioning | |||||
| Baseline | 81.3 (18.4) | 74.4 (16.5) | |||
| 3 months | 83.1 (18.7) | 80.0 (14.2) | |||
| 6 months | 84.4 (19.8) | 76.3 (9.0) | |||
| 12 months | 92.5 (13.7) | 85.0 (13.8) | 11.1 (5.3 to 16.8) | 10.7 (5.1 to 16.2) | 0.4 (−7.6 to 8.4) |
| Bodily pain (NB) | |||||
| Baseline | 54.6 (17.2) | 53.9 (22.4) | |||
| 3 months | 59.8 (15.1) | 58.6 (20.3) | |||
| 6 months | 63.0 (12.8) | 59.6 (23.1) | |||
| 12 months | 73.5 (17.1) | 60.3 (21.0) | 18.7 (4.7 to 32.7) | 6.5 (−5.9 to 19.0) | 12.2 (−6.6 to 30.1) |
| General health (NB) | |||||
| Baseline | 55.5 (16.0) | 64.0 (24.5) | |||
| 3 months | 61.8 (15.7) | 60.5 (21.3) | |||
| 6 months | 61.8 (15.1) | 61.5 (22.2) | |||
| 12 months | 63.8 (17.0) | 57.3 (24.0) | 8.6 (2.2 to 15.1) | −6.5 (−11.3 to − 1.7) | 15.2 (6.1 to 24.2) |
LLD leg length discrepancy, LBP low back pain, NB negative binomial model, 95% CI 95% confidence interval. Bold denotes significance
1Adjusted by age, BMI, gender and smoking