Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants (n = 30,232)
| Variable | ESD group | Control group | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 1495) | (n = 28,737) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | 0.212 | ||
| Males | 829 (55.5) | 15,461 (53.8) | |
| Females | 666 (44.5) | 13,276 (46.2) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 73 (12.8) | 74 (12.4) | 0.001 |
| Stroke subtype, n (%) | 0.244 | ||
| Ischemic Stroke | 1314 (87.9) | 25,646 (89.2) | |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 159 (10.6) | 2741 (9.5) | |
| Undetermined | 22 (1.5) | 350 (1.2) | |
| Thrombolysis, n (%) | 212 (14.2) | 2252 (7.8) | 0.001 |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 142(0.5) | |
| Living alone, n (%) | 605 (40.5) | 12,428 (43.2) | 0.091 |
| Missing data | 4 (0.3) | 97 (0.3) | |
| Mobility, n (%) | 0.249 | ||
| Independent indoors- and outdoors | 1468 (98.2) | 28,088 (97.7) | |
| Independent indoors | 27 (1.8) | 649 (2.3) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 817 (54.6) | 16,430 (57.2) | 0.076 |
| Missing data | 3 (0.2) | 107 (0.4) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 250 (17.4) | 5254 (18.3) | 0.106 |
| Missing data | 0 (0.0) | 40 (0.1) | |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 282 (18.9) | 6847 (23.8) | 0.001 |
| Missing data | 0 (0.0) | 102(0.4) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 157 (10.5) | 4331(15.1) | 0.001 |
| Missing data | 36(2.4) | 2001 (7.0) | |
| Level of consciousness on admission, n (%) | 0.123 | ||
| RLS 1 | 1391 (93.0) | 26,419 (91.9) | |
| RLS 2–3 | 104 (7.0) | 2318 (8.1) | |
| Length of hospital stay (SU), median (Q1-Q2) | 5 (3–10) | 6 (3–13) | 0.920 |
| Missing data | 50 (3.3) | 1220 (4.2) | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.001 | ||
| Primary School | 527(35.3) | 11,902 (41.4) | |
| Secondary School | 590 (39.5) | 9930 (34.6) | |
| University | 259 (17.3) | 4428(15.4) | |
| Missing data | 119 (7.9) | 2470 (8.6) | |
| Country of birth, n (%) | 0.001 | ||
| Sweden | 1431 (95.7) | 25,392 (88.4) | |
| Nordic countries a | 41 (2.7) | 1436 (5.0) | |
| Europe b | 11 (0.8) | 1234 (4.3) | |
| Other countries | 9 (0.6) | 466 (1.6) | |
| Missing data | 3 (0.2) | 209 (0.7) |
SU - Stroke unit
aExcept Sweden
bExcept Nordic Countries