Table 1.
Age-stratified characteristics of participants in KNHANES 2016 according to tertiles of serum uric acid levels (N = 4230)
| Variable | Age 20–39 (N = 1497) | Age 40–59 (N = 1747) | Age ≥ 60 (N = 986) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | T1* | T2* | T3* | P | N | T1* | T2* | T3* | P | N | T1* | T2* | T3* | P | |
| % or mean (SD) | % or mean (SD) | % or mean (SD) | |||||||||||||
| Handgrip strength | 1497 | 32.0 (10.5) | 34.2 (10.5) | 35.2 (11.3) | < 0.01 | 1747 | 33.5 (10.1) | 34.0 (10.3) | 34.3 (10.9) | 0.38 | 986 | 30.6 (9.6) | 29.9 (8.9) | 29.6 (9.9) | 0.35 |
| Male | 650 | 34.9 | 45.9 | 47.4 | < 0.01 | 796 | 43.7 | 45.7 | 47.6 | 0.17 | 553 | 63.0 | 53.8 | 48.2 | < 0.01 |
| Income | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.79 | ||||||||||||
| 1st quartile | 100 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 121 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 6.4 | 325 | 33.0 | 32.1 | 34.2 | |||
| 2nd quartile | 366 | 24.0 | 25.1 | 24.3 | 366 | 20.3 | 1837 | 23.9 | 292 | 30.6 | 27.8 | 30.5 | |||
| 3rd quartile | 540 | 36.1 | 38.0 | 34.5 | 544 | 32.9 | 31.9 | 28.4 | 201 | 21.4 | 22.7 | 16.5 | |||
| 4th quartile | 488 | 32.9 | 30.3 | 40.0 | 715 | 40.3 | 41.1 | 41.3 | 165 | 15.0 | 17.4 | 18.8 | |||
| Current smoker | 372 | 20.5 | 26.4 | 37.6 | 0.04 | 369 | 19.1 | 20.7 | 23.9 | 0.04 | 125 | 16.0 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 0.03 |
| Alcohol (ever) | 1455 | 96.4 | 97.7 | 97.3 | 0.42 | 1617 | 9138 | 92.4 | 93.6 | 0.26 | 804 | 80.9 | 80.9 | 83.2 | 0.46 |
| Physical activity (metS-h/week) | 1497 | 1338 (2108) | 1576 (2354) | 1418 (1750) | 0.20 | 1747 | 1335 (1974) | 1278 (1565) | 1284 (1569) | 0.82 | 986 | 1291 (1771) | 1393 (1782) | 1222 (1740) | 0.50 |
| Low activity | 592 | 44.3 | 35.8 | 39.4 | 0.23 | 765 | 44.0 | 45.7 | 41.7 | 0.71 | 441 | 43.1 | 43.5 | 48.5 | 0.17 |
| Moderate activity | 660 | 40.5 | 47.0 | 44.0 | 747 | 42.0 | 41.4 | 44.9 | 447 | 47.2 | 43.8 | 44.2 | |||
| High activity | 245 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 16.5 | 235 | 14.0 | 12.9 | 13.4 | 98 | 9.7 | 12.7 | 7.3 | |||
| Resistance exercise (days for 1 week) | 1497 | 1.6 (1.3) | 1.7 (1.5) | 1.8 (1.6) | 0.05 | 1747 | 1.7 (1.5) | 1.8 (1.5) | 1.8 (1.5) | 0.80 | 986 | 1.9 (1.7) | 1.8 (1.7) | 1.9 (1.7) | 0.89 |
| Protein intake (g/day) | 1497 | 76 (45) | 78 (43) | 82 (50) | 0.18 | 1747 | 71 (34) | 73 (39) | 74 (38) | 0.49 | 986 | 60 (42) | 61 (29) | 60 (30) | 0.95 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||||||||||
| < 18.5 | 98 | 8.8 | 6.8 | 4.8 | 43 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 22 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | |||
| 18.5–24.9 | 949 | 71.5 | 68.3 | 53.6 | 1079 | 69.4 | 61.9 | 52.8 | 630 | 66.8 | 65.2 | 58.0 | |||
| ≥ 25 | 444 | 19.7 | 24.9 | 41.6 | 625 | 28.0 | 34.9 | 45.6 | 334 | 29.3 | 33.8 | 40.9 | |||
| Hypertension | 28 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 3.2 | < 0.01 | 290 | 15.7 | 12.7 | 21.4 | 0.01 | 436 | 44.8 | 42.8 | 44.9 | 0.97 |
| Diabetes | 8 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.73 | 104 | 9.1 | 4.9 | 3.4 | < 0.01 | 180 | 22.5 | 16.1 | 14.2 | < 0.01 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.26 | 30 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 0.23 | 84 | 7.7 | 8.4 | 9.9 | 0.34 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 210 | 7.7 | 10.4 | 22.0 | < 0.01 | 530 | 22.9 | 26.7 | 42.4 | < 0.01 | 418 | 33.7 | 42.5 | 55.5 | < 0.01 |
*T1: first tertile (≤ 5.2 mg/dL men; ≤ 3.9 mg/dL women); *T2: second tertile (5.3–6.2 mg/dL men; 4.0–4.6 mg/dL women); *T3: third tertile (≥ 6.3 mg/dL men; ≥ 4.7 mg/dL women). ANOVA was used for continuous variables. The chi-square analysis was used for categorical variables