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. 2019 Mar 13;38:128. doi: 10.1186/s13046-019-1122-2

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — The utility of miRNAs in diagnosis and therapy. miRNAs can be harvested from biological fluids and used as liquid biopsies, in which free circulating miRNAs or exosomal miRNAs can be captured and analyzed ex vivo (a). They have proved useful biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, personalized therapies or disease monitoring. miRNAs can also be employed as therapeutics or therapeutic targets: miRNA mimics can be used for replacement therapies by the use of delivery systems while miRNA inhibitors, such as locked nucleic acid-antisense oligonucleotides, for inhibition approaches (b)