Table 3.

Key elements and aims of the systems-based breeding orientation

	Key elements	Aims
Required change in attitude	Corporate social responsibility	Including ethical and social responsibilities beyond legal and economic responsibilities
	Circular economy and true-cost accounting	Rearranging linear relationships such that value chains become value networks in which various actors work together
	Fair and green policies	Creating a frame work for optimal integration of all components of systems-based breeding
From attitude to action	Knowledge development and integration	Supporting continuous development of specialized, generalized and integrated knowledge at various levels (socio-economic, agro-ecological, etc.)
	Breeding strategies and tools	Designing a range of different appropriate technical breeding approaches
	Entrepreneurship	Developing sound entrepreneurial models suitable for various small and large value chains
From action to achievement	Food security, safety, and quality	Enhancing breeding of food that is healthy, nutritious and safe, with high and stable yield, and good shelf-life that does not require chemicals during production and storage
	Food and seed sovereignty	Allowing a pluriformity of breeding models to co-exist and for communities and markets to choose breeding models that fit best, implicitly serving cultural diversity and seeds as common good
	Social justice	Fair and just assigned rights and duties in relation to breeding activities and products, such as breeders’ privilege, farmers’ rights and fair prices for (farmer) contract seed producers
	Agrobiodiversity	Enhancing agro-biodiversity in farming systems; within and among crop species; improve diversity in major and small crops
	Ecosystem services	Improving breeding strategies, breeding products and crop traits that support ecosystem services
	Climate robustness	Creating climate robust and flexible breeding strategies and products that provide yield and quality stability under variable conditions