Table 1.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics for Older Adult Non-Fallers (OANF), Older Adult Fallers (OAF), participants with Parkinson’s Disease Nonfallers (PDNF) and Participants with Parkinson’s Disease Fallers (PDF)
| Characteristics | OANF (n = 50) Mean (SD) | OAF (n = 122) Mean (SD) | PDNF (n = 15) Mean (SD) | PDF (n = 155) Mean (SD) |
p
OANF vs OAF |
p*
OANF vs PDNF |
p**
OANF vs PDF |
p***
OAF vs PDNF |
p
ǂ
OAF vs PDF |
p
§
PDNF vs PDF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female (n, %) | 23, 46% | 95, 77.9% | 4, 26.7% | 59, 38.1% | <.001 | .183 | .319 | <.001 | <.001 | .383 |
| Age (years) | 70.40 (6.88) | 75.58 (6.32) | 64.54 (8.64) | 71.55 (6.44) | <.001 | .014 | .700 | <.001 | <.001 | .001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.30 (4.23) | 26.28 (4.29) | 28.45 (4.91) | 25.75 (3.69) | .017 | .999 | .001 | .204 | .709 | .067 |
| MMSE | 28.40 (1.74) | 28.52 (1.36) | 28.87 (1.60) | 28.04 (1.72) | .974 | .760 | .554 | .859 | .105 | .235 |
| Hoehn & Yahr (HY) stage (%) | - | - | HY 2—100% | HY 2—48.05% HY 2.5—11.69% HY 3—40.26% |
- | - | - | - | - | .310 |
| MDS-UPDRS III | - | - | 28.60 (5.65) | 31.42 (13.17) | - | - | - | - | - | <.001 |
| Freezing of gait (%, Score) | - | - | 13.3%, 7.71 (9.03) | 43.2%, 2.13 (5.64) | - | - | - | - | - | .002 |
| FES-I (16–64) | - | 28.68 (7.68) | - | 35.46 (12.00) | - | - | - | - | <.001 | - |
| ABCs (0–100%) | 91.02 (11.66) | - | 85.64 (15.73) | - | - | .185 | - | - | - | - |
Note: Significant p values (p < .05) are shown in bold.
*, **, ***, ‡, and § P-values in bold indicate p < 0.05.
ABCs = Activities specific balance confidence scale; BMI = Body mass index; FES-I = Falls Efficacy Scale; MDS-UPDRS III = Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination.