TABLE 3—
Relationships Between Program-Level Moderators and Effect Sizes: Meta-Analysis of Federally Funded Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program Evaluations, United States, 2010–2015
| Moderator | b (95% CI) |
| Prior evidence (program tier; F = 1.66; P = .21) | |
| New or previously untested program | 0 (Ref) |
| Evidence-based program | −0.07 (–0.20, 0.05) |
| Program focus (F = 0.23; P = .80) | |
| Sexual health | 0 (Ref) |
| Youth development | 0.04 (–0.12, 0.20) |
| Other | 0.06 (–0.28, 0.41) |
| Program components (F = 0.80; P = .63) | |
| Condom demonstrations | 0.10 (–0.06, 0.27) |
| Service learning | 0.08 (–0.35, 0.50) |
| Role plays | −0.02 (–0.25, 0.21) |
| Games | 0.15 (–0.11, 0.41) |
| Reflective exercises | 0.05 (–0.10, 0.21) |
| Direct provision of health services | 0.20 (–0.13, 0.54) |
| Parent activities | −0.03 (–0.24, 0.19) |
| Positive role model | −0.03 (–0.27, 0.21) |
| Group size (F = 2.54; P = .20) | |
| Individualized | 0 (Ref) |
| Small groups (< 10) | −0.20* (–0.34, –0.05) |
| Large groups | −0.10 (–0.24, 0.05) |
| Other (mixed individual/group) | −0.07 (–0.26, 0.12) |
| Group composition (F = 0.88; P = .37) | |
| Mixed-gender delivery | 0 (Ref) |
| Same-gender delivery | 0.06 (–0.08, 0.19) |
| Gender-specific programming: girls only (F = 4.78; P = .07) | 0.11 (–0.01, 0.23) |
| Program contact (F = 0.11; P = .90) | |
| At least weekly contact | −0.03 (–0.15, 0.10) |
| Contact hours | 0.00 (–0.00, 0.00) |
| Program setting (F = 1.83; P = .21) | |
| Classroom | 0 (Ref) |
| Community | 0.10 (–0.10, 0.31) |
| Other | 0.10 (–0.02, 0.22) |
| Program delivery personnel (F = 0.30; P = .75) | |
| Health educators | −0.05 (–0.24, 0.14) |
| Classroom teachers | 0 (Ref) |
| Other | −0.00 (–0.20, 0.19) |
| Fidelity and participant engagement (F = 0.73; P = .56) | |
| Fidelity | −0.04 (–1.58, 1.49) |
| Mean attendance | 0.64 (–2.86, 4.14) |
| Mean retention | −0.22 (–2.71, 2.27) |
| Participant characteristics (F = 0.60; P = .70) | |
| Percentage boys | −0.18 (–0.60, 0.25) |
| Percentage Black | −0.00 (–0.41, 0.41) |
| Percentage Hispanic | −0.04 (–0.39, 0.31) |
| Average age | −0.04 (–0.14, 0.07) |
| Risk (control event rate) | 0.21 (–0.47, 0.89) |
| Study method (F = 0.91; P = .52) | |
| Randomized controlled trial | 0.50 (–0.06, 1.06) |
| Overall attrition | 0.17 (–0.39, 0.72) |
| Differential attrition | 2.56 (–0.55, 5.67) |
| Active control group | −0.03 (–0.19, 0.13) |
Note. CI = confidence interval. All meta-regression models estimated by using robust variance estimation to handle statistically dependent effect sizes. The analytic sample size was n = 44 studies and 226 effect sizes for all analyses.