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. 2019 Mar 14;14(3):e0213549. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213549

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© 2019 Bausch et al

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig 1 — Urinary Calprotectin (uC) in bladder cancer (BC) and its association with sterile leukocyturia (SL) (a) Median uC levels in BC were significantly higher than in healthy controls (203.0 [28.0–1022.6] ng/ml vs. 51.0 [20.5–86.6] ng/ml). (b) Patients with high-grade BC had a significant higher median uC concentration than patients with low-grade BC (315.0 [43.9–1087.6] ng/ml vs. 49.4 [8.6–264.9] ng/ml. (c) The median absolute urinary leukocyte concentration was significantly higher in high-grade BC than in low-grade BC (167.3 [57.1–386.1] vs. 39.9 [21.4–72.2]). (d) Median uC concentration was 4.5 times higher in BC patients with SL (408.8 [42.0–1117.0] ng/ml) than in patients without SL (90.4 [22.7–215.4] ng/ml). (e) Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in uC concentration regarding the presence of SL in patients with high-grade BC (596.8 [91.8–1655.5] ng/ml vs. 90.4 [28.0–202.3] ng/ml), but not with low-grade BC (49.4 [14.7–379.7] ng/ml vs. 29.2 [7.7–210.0] ng/ml).