Table 2.
Postural abnormality and related factors in PD
| Author | Year | N | Postural Abnormality | Method | Related Factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Djaldetti et al.20 | 1999 | 8 | Camptocormia | Unmeasured | Male sex, duration of PD, H & Y stage |
| Bloch et al.21 | 2006 | 63 | Camptocormia | Unmeasured | UPDRS Part III scores |
| Tipple et al.1 | 2009 | 275 | Camptocormia | Unmeasured (partially goniometer) | Age, duration of PD, dosage of l‐dopa, duration of l‐dopa treatment, H & Y stage, rigidity and bradykinesia item score of UPDRS PPart III, dementia, vertebral surgery |
| Seki et al.13 | 2011 | 531 | Camptocormia | Measured (photograph) | Age, H & Y stage, UPDRS Part III scores, total LED, dosage of l‐dopa, urinary incontinence, severe constipation |
| Kashihara et al.22 | 2012 | 365 | Dropped head | Unmeasured | H & Y stage |
| Camptocormia | H & Y stage, age, female sex, deterioration of MMSE score, duration of PD, lumber pain | ||||
| Lateral flexion | H & Y stage, age, female sex, deterioration of MMSE score, duration of PD, lumber pain | ||||
| Song et al.14 | 2013 | 705 | Camptocormia | Measured (goniometer) | Duration of PD, H & Y stage, UPDRS Part III scores, motor fluctuation, dyskinesia, MMSE |
| Oeda et al.7 | 2013 | 216 | Dropped head | Measured (photograph) | H & Y stage, history of postural abnormalities induced by dopamine agonists |
| Camptocormia | Age, duration of PD, H & Y stage, UPDRS Part III score, dosage of l‐dopa, LED of dopamine agonists, vertebral disease, mental symptoms | ||||
| Zinazzi et al.2 | 2015 | 1,631 | Lateral flexion | Measured (goniometer) | Age, body mass index, duration of PD, H & Y stage, UPDRS scores, LED, ongoing pharmacological therapy, falls, veering gait |
| Khlebtovsky et al.19 | 2017 | 190 | Camptocormia | Measured (spinal mouse) | Age, older age at disease onset, duration pf PD, UPDRS motor and posture scores, back pain |
| Ameghino et al.16 | 2018 | 63 | Dropped head | Unmeasured | Urinary incontinence, exposure to pribedil and quetiapine |
| Camptocormia | Age, history of orthopedic disorder, duration of PD, H & Y stage, UPDRS Part III scores, exposure to dopamine agonists and amantadine | ||||
| Lateral flexion | H & Y stage, less depression, exposure to amantadine | ||||
| Present study | 2018 | 1,117 | Dropped head | Measured (photograph) | Age, male sex, H & Y stage during ON time |
| Camptocormia | Duration of PD, H & Y stage during ON and OFF times, spinal disease, LFA to the right | ||||
| Lateral flexion | Anterior flexion angle |