Table 3.
ANOVA results for Ladder differences between samples before (Model 1) and after (Model 2) entering demographic covariates
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Sample | ||
| MTurk | ref | ref |
| UAS Internet Panel | 1.66 | 1.50 |
| Gallup | 1.86 | 1.65 |
| Age | ||
| 20–29 | ref | |
| 30–39 | −.14 | |
| 40–49 | −.23 | |
| 50–59 | −.19 | |
| 60–69 | .13 | |
| 70–80 | .44 | |
| Gender | ||
| Male | ref | |
| Female | .26 | |
| Education | ||
| < High School Graduate | ref | |
| High School Graduate | −.04 | |
| Some College | −.06 | |
| College Graduate | .15 | |
| Post Graduate | .28 | |
| Race | ||
| White | ref | |
| Black | .16 | |
| Other | .28 | |
| Marital Status | ||
| Never Married | ref | |
| Married | .33 | |
| Living with Partner | .11 | |
| Separated | −.24 | |
| Divorced | −.06 | |
| Widowed | −.07 | |
| Income | ||
| < $20,000 | ref | |
| $20,000 - $34,999 | .34 | |
| $35,000 - $49,999 | .57 | |
| $50,000 - $74,999 | .89 | |
| ≥ $75,000 | 1.32 | |
| Constant | 4.22 | |
| F-test | F(2, 138,336)= 447.6*** | F(23, 138,314)= 788.7*** |
| Variance explained | 0.6% | 11.5% |
Note. Only participants with complete data on all variables included in both models. UAS = Understanding America Study