Figure 6:

Example of a Pulse Duplicator (PD) for baseline hydrodynamic testing mitral and aortic valves (Vivitro PD, VivitroLabs, Victoria, BC). (a) mock native aortic root model for deployment of the TAVR device; (b) a typical diagram of transvalvular pressures/flows over a cardiac cycle at CO of 5 l/min. Reprinted by permission from Springer Nature, J Cardiovascular and Translational Research (Rahmani B. et al. In Vitro Hydrodynamic Assessment of a New Transcatheter Heart Valve Concept (the TRISKELE))©2017.