Table 2.

Social-communication assessments reported in PMS studies

Measure	Standardized Age Range	Administration Method	Description and Domains	PMS Studies: Cohort Descriptions & Clinically Relevant Findings
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) (Lord et al. 2012)	>12 mos.	Direct testing by clinician; 40–60 minutes	Toddler Module Module 1: pre-verbal/single words Module 2: phrased speech Module 3: complex speech Module 4: complex speech, late teens and adults.	Scores N/A (n=1) (Dhar et al., 2010)
				Subjects meeting autism criteria: 23 Subjects meeting ASD criteria: 4 (n=32) (Soorya et al., 2013)
				Scores N/A.(n=2) (Serret et al., 2015)
				Scores N/A. (n=9) (Kolevzon, Bush, et al., 2014)
				Scores N/A. (n=24) (Mieses et al., 2016)
Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised (ADI-R; Rutter, LeCouteur & Lord, 2003)	>2 yrs.	Parent/caregiver interview by clinician; 90–150 minutes	Communication Reciprocal Social Interactions Repetitive Behaviors/Interests	Scores N/A. (n=1) (Dhar et al., 2010)
				Subjects meeting ASD criteria: 18 (n=30) (Soorya et al., 2013)
				Subjects meeting ASD criteria: 0 (n=8) (Philippe et al., 2008)
				Scores N/A. (n=2) (Serret et al., 2015)
				Scores N/A. (n=9) (Kolevzon, Bush, et al., 2014)
				ADI-R algorithm scores N/A (n=40) (Oberman et al., 2015)
Gilliam Autism Rating Scale 3 (GARS-3) (Gilliam, 1995)	3 – 22 yrs.	Parent or Teacher rated; 5–10 minutes	DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder	Scores N/A. (n=1) (Dhar et al., 2010)
Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) (Eric Schopler, Reichler, & Renner, 2002)	2+ yrs.	Clinician rated; 5–10 minutes	Autism diagnosis	Scores N/A. (n=1) (Dhar et al., 2010)
				Subjects above ASD cutoff score: 17 (n=18) (Phelan et al., 2001)
				Subjects above ASD cutoff score: 2 (n=2) (Serret et al., 2015)
Social, Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) (Berument, Rutter, Lord, Pickles, & Bailey, 1999)	>4 yrs. (mental age: >2 yrs.)	Parent/caregiver rated; 10 minutes	Autism symptoms	Subjects above ASD cutoff score: 23 (n=27) (Jeffries et al., 2005)
Pervasive Developmental, disorder in Mentally Retarded Persons (PDD-MRS) (Kraijer & de Bildt, 2005)	2–55 yrs.	Parent/caregiver rated; 5–10 minutes	Autism Risk	Subjects scoring within PDD spectrum: 4 (n=7) (Denayer et al., 2012)

AE = age equivalent

ASD = autism spectrum disorder

DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition

Mos. = months

N/A = not available or not reported

PDD = pervasive developmental disorder

PMS = Phelan-McDermid Syndrome

Yrs. = years