β-galactosidase activity in Salmonella strains containing the (A) hilD’-’lacZ translational fusion or the (B) hilA’-lacZ transcriptional fusion in a wild type, ΔarcZ, and/or ΔarcA background grown in high aeration conditions. (C) β-galactosidase activity in Salmonella strains containing hilA’-lacZ+ transcriptional fusion and the indicated mutations in the spi1 (Δspi1 ΔrtsA) background with RtsA protein produced under a tetracycline regulated promoter grown under high aeration conditions with the indicated a-tetracycline concentrations. β-galactosidase activity units are defined as (μmol of ONP formed min−1) × 106/(OD600 × ml of cell suspension) and are reported as mean ± standard deviation where n=3. Strains used: JS892, JS2124, JS2143, JS2144, JS749, JS2126, JS2145, JS2146, JS2147, JS2148, JS2149, JS2150, JS2077, JS2151, JS2152, and JS2153.