Table 1.

Claims-based measures of poor function, performance status, and frailty.

Lead author	Davidoff	Chrischilles	Faurot	Segal
Construct	ECOG performance status	Functional status	Frailty	Frailty
Population	Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey	Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for AMI	Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey	Cardiovascular Health Study
Proxy measure	Disability status	Function-related indicators	Dependency in ADL	Fried frailty phenotype
Original lookback	Calendar year prior to survey	12 months	8 months	6 months
Claims files	NCH, DME	MEDPAR, OUTPAT, NCH, DME		MEDPAR, NCH OUTPAT
Metric	Predicted probability	Indicator count	Predicted probability	Predicted probability
C-statistic	0.92	0.74–0.79	0.84	0.75
Indicators	Positively associated: Nursing home visit Neurology E&M visit Rheumatology E&M visit Home visit Hospice visit Minor skin procedures Colectomy Major orthopedic procedures Wheelchairs Hospital beds Enteral and parenteral Medical/surgical supplies Other durable medical equipment Imaging/procedure – heart Ambulance Endoscopy - upper gastrointestinal Negatively associated: Dermatology E&M visit Chiropractic E&M visit Musculoskeletal ambulatory procedures Screenings Immunizations/vaccinations Major cardiovascular procedures Bath and toilet aids Standard imaging - nuclear medicine Electrocardiography monitoring & cardiovascular stress tests Endoscopy - sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy	Mobility limitations: Canes; Walkers; Commodes; Bedpans; Urinals; Shower/tub/toilet assistive devices; Lifts, transfer boards, safety belt/harness/vest; Hospital beds; Wheelchairs Blood transfusions Oxygen Supplemental nutrition Hip/pelvic fractures Urinary catheter Chronic ulcer of skin Pneumonia Delirium, dementia, and Alzheimer disease Bone marrow failure/agranulocytosis Depression Respiratory failure, insufficiency, arrest (adult) Sepsis Malnutrition and unintended weight loss Fall-related injury Syncope	Positively associated: Arthritis Bladder dysfunction Podiatric care Heart failure Psychiatric illness Home oxygen Hypotension or shock Ambulance transport Stroke/brain injury Dementia Parkinson’s disease Weakness Skin ulcer Paralysis Wheelchair Hospital bed Negatively associated: Cancer screening Lipid abnormality Vertigo Rehabilitation care	Impaired mobility Depression Congestive heart failure Parkinson’s diseases Arthritis (any) Cognitive impairment Stroke Paranoia Chronic skin ulcer Pneumonia Skin and soft tissue infection Mycoses Inpatient hospitalization in past 6 months Gout, crystal-induced arthropathy Falls Musculoskeletal problems Urinary tract infection

Abbreviations: ADL: activities of daily living; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; DME: durable medical equipment; E&M: evaluation and management; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; MEDPAR: inpatient; NCH: physician services; OUTPAT: outpatient.