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. 2019 Mar 8;10:204. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00204

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Copyright © 2019 Bonelli, Bruno, Caccia, Sgambetterra, Cappellozza, Jucker, Tettamanti and Casartelli.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Anatomy of the alimentary canal of H. illucens larvae and definition of the midgut regions. The short foregut is followed by a very long midgut; the beginning of the hindgut is identifiable by the insertion of Malpighian tubules, structures involved in excretion (A). The midgut can be subdivided into three main regions: anterior, middle, and posterior (B). In (C–E) details of each midgut region are reported. Anterior midgut (AMG) (C); middle midgut (D) in which a first narrow and short tract (MMG1) is followed by a segment with a larger diameter (MMG2); posterior midgut (E) in which two tracts are recognizable, a first short part (PMG1) and a second tract darker in color (PMG2).