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. 2019 Mar 8;10:449. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00449

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Copyright © 2019 Müller, Wendt, Kollmeier, Debener and Brand.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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One trial of the picture-matching paradigm [modified from Wendt et al. (2016)]. A picture was displayed visually on the screen. After the picture disappeared, the single talker masker was presented acoustically and a fixation cross was displayed visually. 3 s after masker onset, a sentence of the OLACS corpus was presented acoustically. After sentence offset, the masker remained for 3 further seconds. The sound presentation ended and the participants’ task was to identify whether picture and target sentence matched. In the last step, they rated their perceived effort for this trial on a categorical scale. The categorical scale was modified from Krueger et al. (2017).