Table 1.
Comparison of clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and polysomnographic parameters according to OSA severity
| Control | Mild | Moderate | Severe | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 43 | 55 | 98 | 219 | |
| Age (years) | 46.08 ± 16.83 | 50.55 ± 11.78 | 47.90 ± 11.99 | 49.01 ± 29.91 | 0.808 |
| Male sex (%) | 61.36 | 67.24 | 84.00 | 84.51 | 0.002 |
| NAFLD, number (%) | 16 (37.21) | 38 (69.09) | 67 (68.34) | 171 (78.08) | 0.000 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.09 ± 3.67 | 25.77 ± 3.19 | 26.38 ± 6.81 | 27.92 ± 6.25 | 0.000 |
| Neck circumference (cm) | 34.86 ± 8.83 | 34.77 ± 11.02 | 37.44 ± 8.70 | 39.07 ± 8.42 | 0.002 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.70 ± 22.71 | 85.81 ± 25.41 | 90.86 ± 20.91 | 95.74 ± 21.17 | 0.002 |
| AHI | 2.46 ± 1.68 | 9.72 ± 3.22 | 21.70 ± 4.08 | 54.94 ± 16.84 | 0.000 |
| ODI | 4.93 ± 1.24 | 7.71 ± 5.07 | 15.37 ± 6.98 | 46.48 ± 21.02 | 0.000 |
| LaSO2 (%) | 95.45 ± 7.65 | 82.49 ± 8.73 | 76.97 ± 11.42 | 66.97 ± 13.95 | 0.000 |
| mean SpO2 (%) | 95.89 ± 1.26 | 95.02 ± 2.11 | 94.30 ± 2.04 | 89.97 ± 7.97 | 0.000 |
| ESS score | 5.43 ± 4.52 | 7.72 ± 4.83 | 7.51 ± 5.63 | 10.03 ± 6.03 | 0.000 |
| AHTI | 2.00 ± 1.21 | 3.36 ± 1.71 | 8.52 ± 3.14 | 26.61 ± 12.21 | 0.000 |
| HbA1c (%) | 1.76 ± 2.71 | 1.94 ± 2.82 | 2.31 ± 3.11 | 2.96 ± 3.24 | 0.032 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.17 ± 1.59 | 5.07 ± 1.65 | 5.32 ± 1.31 | 5.47 ± 1.98 | 0.389 |
| Insulin (mmol/L) | 38.86 ± 44.24 | 50.73 ± 48.25 | 55.88 ± 49.91 | 76.18 ± 45.78 | 0.007 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.58 ± 1.33 | 4.71 ± 1.54 | 4.75 ± 1.24 | 5.13 ± 5.38 | 0.738 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.56 ± 1.13 | 1.71 ± 1.08 | 1.61 ± 1.13 | 3.98 ± 1.23 | 0.614 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.81 ± 1.04 | 3.13 ± 1.35 | 3.05 ± 0.99 | 3.03 ± 1.21 | 0.578 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.21 ± 0.50 | 1.11 ± 0.43 | 1.14 ± 0.39 | 1.07 ± 0.70 | 0.463 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.05 ± 1.39 | 2.73 ± 1.72 | 2.83 ± 1.91 | 3.92 ± 3.66 | 0.006 |
| AST (U/L) | 21.56 ± 7..75 | 23.63 ± 7.90 | 23.17 ± 9.69 | 27.96 ± 26.08 | 0.089 |
| ALT (U/L) | 20.66 ± 12.10 | 26.28 ± 16.72 | 30.27 ± 18.90 | 39.91 ± 30.06 | 0.001 |
OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; BMI, body mass index; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; T90%, the percentage of total sleep time spent with SpO2 < 90%, LaSO2, lowest O2 saturation; ESS score, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase
*p < 0.05