Table 2.

Multivariate generalized linear model for VO₂max prediction in the full sample (n = 603)

	β-coefficients (95% CI)	p value
Men vs. women	7.47 (6.64–8.30)	< 0.001
Age (years)	− 0.32 (− 0.40–− 0.25)	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	− 0.50 (− 0.66–− 0.33)	< 0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	− 0.16 (− 0.22–− 0.10)	< 0.001
Low vs. high socioeconomic status	− 1.30 (− 2.02–− 0.59)	< 0.001
With vs. without university education	0.97 (0.27–1.67)	0.007
Without vs. with income-related job	0.68 (− 0.24–1.60)	0.146
Smoking
Occasional vs. never	1.15 (− 0.84–3.13)	0.257
Former vs. never	− 0.12 (− 0.83–0.60)	0.753
Current vs. never	0.02 (− 1.14–1.18)	0.978
Risky vs. not risky alcohol consumption	0.42 (− 0.32–1.16)	0.265
Insomnia vs. non-insomnia	− 0.56 (− 1.31–0.20)	0.148
Subjective sleep duration < 6 h vs. ≥ 6 h	0.55 (− 0.66–1.75)	0.377
Sleep apnea vs. no apnea	1.51 (− 0.13–3.15)	0.071
Chronic disease vs. no disease	− 0.45 (− 1.49–0.58)	0.390
Depression symptoms vs. no symptoms	0.43 (− 0.37–1.23)	0.293
Percentage (%) MVPA	0.24 (0.12–0.37)	< 0.001
Percentage (%) SED	0.01 (− 0.03–0.05)	0.541

Chronic disease includes stroke, coronary artery disease, diabetes, cancer, and COPD

Significant p value presented in italics

MVPA moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity, SED time spent sedentary