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. 2019 Feb 24;189(3):687–697. doi: 10.1007/s00442-019-04351-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

OpenAccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — Birch leaf-miner abundance (top panel) and species richness per plot (bottom panel), calculated as the sum of mines across five sampled trees (mean per plot ± SE) within each season (early season: June; late season: August) and year in the species diversity experiment (SDE) and in the genetic diversity experiment (GDE)