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. 2019 Feb 24;189(3):687–697. doi: 10.1007/s00442-019-04351-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

OpenAccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 2 — Birch leaf-miner abundance and species richness per plot (calculated as the sum across five sampled trees) as function of tree species diversity (right panels) and genetic diversity (left panels) in the SDE and in GDE (only 2014 data are displayed). Tree diversity is calculated using the Shannon index. Triangles symbols indicate data in the early season and circles indicate data in late season. Grey symbols indicate data in low stand density plots and black symbols indicate data in high stand density plots. Solid lines represent significant relationships (P < 0.05); dashed lines represent non-significant relationships (P > 0.05)