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. 2019 Feb 24;189(3):687–697. doi: 10.1007/s00442-019-04351-x

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Leaf-miner β-diversity (means ± SD) in the genetic diversity and species diversity experiments based on the presence/absence of miner species (top panel) and abundance of miner species (bottom panel). βsor: overall β-diversity (βsor), βsim: species turnover, βnes: species nestedness, βbray: overall abundance-based assemblage dissimilarity, βbal: balanced variation in abundance, βgra: abundance gradients