Table 3.

Results of linear mixed-effect models testing for the effects of tree diversity, season, and year on within-plot β-diversity indices for both experiments

	Species diversity experiment				Genetic diversity experiment
	df	χ 2	P		df	χ 2	P
β-Diversity (βsor)
Species diversity	1	0.29	0.59	Genetic diversity	1	14.67	< 0.001
Season (S)	1	51.73	< 0.001	Season (S)	1	38.66	< 0.001
Year (Y)	1	0.65	0.42	Year (Y)	1	2.08	0.15
Area	2	1.06	0.59	S:Y	1	4.73	0.029
Species turnover (βsim)
Species diversity	1	0.03	0.85	Genetic diversity	1	6.33	0.012
Season (S)	1	28.97	< 0.001	Season (S)	1	31.40	< 0.001
Year (Y)	1	37.88	< 0.001	Year (Y)	1	22.39	< 0.001
Area	2	0.23	0.89	S:Y	1	8.63	0.003
S:Y	1	5.20	0.023
Species nestedness (βnes)
Species diversity	1	0.07	0.79	Genetic diversity	1	0.07	0.80
Season (S)	1	0.43	0.51	Season (S)	1	3.67	0.055
Year (Y)	1	76.58	< 0.001	Year (Y)	1	32.66	< 0.001
Area	2	1.68	0.43	S:Y	1	4.71	0.03
S:Y	1	4.21	0.04
Abundance-based assemblage dissimilarity (βbray)
Species diversity	1	0.003	0.96	Genetic diversity	1	8.33	0.004
Season (S)	1	7.45	0.006	Season (S)	1	0.058	0.81
Year (Y)	1	14.96	< 0.001	Year (Y)	1	15.14	< 0.001
Area	2	1.18	0.55	S:Y	1	6.62	0.010
Balanced variation in abundance (βbal)
Species diversity	1	0.13	0.71	Genetic diversity	1	3.30	0.069
Season (S)	1	15.43	< 0.001	Season (S)	1	7.40	0.007
Year (Y)	1	104.63	< 0.001	Year (Y)	1	62.52	< 0.001
Area	2	0.13	0.94
Abundance gradients (βgra)
Species diversity	1	0.33	0.56	Genetic diversity	1	0.005	0.94
Season (S)	1	8.25	0.004	Season (S)	1	18.82	< 0.001
Year (Y)	1	124.86	< 0.001	Year (Y)	1	67.85	< 0.001
Area	2	1.35	0.51

Only significant interactions were kept in the final model. Significant effects (P < 0.05) are in bold