Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics of participants by gender (M [95% CI]/n (%) [95% CI]).

Variables	Male		Female		t/χ2	p-value
	n	Mean/% [95% CI]	n	Mean/% [95% CI]
Age(years)a		43.25 [42.83, 43.67]		43.98 [43.55, 44.42]	281.967	<0.001
BMI		24.30 [24.20, 24.41]		23.83 [23.73, 23.93]	644.045	<0.001
WC		84.33 [84.03, 84.63]		78.89 [78.62, 79.16]	768.330	<0.001
WHtR(10−3)		496.73 [494.99, 498.46]		500.10 [498.29, 501.90]	702.820	<0.001
Urbanb					0.194	0.718
City	3944	55.22 [53.88, 56.55]	4569	54.88 [53.58, 56.16]
Country	3573	44.78 [43.45, 46.12]	4326	45.12 [43.84, 46.42]
Educational levelb					248.698	<0.001
Primary school and below	1624	19.02 [18.00, 20.07]	3185	29.14 [28.07, 30.23]
Middle school	2271	30.44 [29.20, 31.70]	2422	29.37 [28.15, 30.62]
High school	2237	29.89 [28.69, 31.13]	2083	24.26 [23.20, 25.35]
College degree and above	1385	20.65 [19.56, 21.79]	1205	17.23 [16.19, 18.33]
Smoking statusb					3710.181	<0.001
Yes	3950	52.86 [51.51, 54.20]	1013	9.09 [8.46, 9.77]
No	3567	47.14 [45.80, 48.49]	7882	90.91 [90.23, 91.54]
Drinking statusb					3923.116	<0.001
Yes	4316	56.74 [55.39, 58.09]	843	10.70 [9.87, 11.59]
No	3201	43.26 [41.91, 44.61]	8052	89.30 [88.41, 90.13]
Dietary habitsb					718.179	<0.001
Balance	4755	64.73 [63.46, 65.98]	4940	58.26 [56.99, 59.51]
Meat more	976	13.44 [12.53, 14.40]	384	4.55 [4.04, 5.12]
Vegetable more	1786	21.83 [20.80, 22.90]	3571	37.19 [35.97, 38.43]
Physical exerciseb					19.555	0.002
Often	2264	28.26 [27.04, 29.50]	2575	25.65 [24.62, 26.72]
Sometimes	1881	28.43 [27.19, 29.70]	2078	27.92 [26.68, 29.19]
Never/Rare	3372	43.31 [42.00, 44.64]	4242	46.43 [45.15, 47.72]

^awas described by mean [95% CI], ^bwas described by n (%) [95% CI].