Table 1.
Age, sex and clinical characteristics of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis# in derivation cohort. (N = 259).
| Variables | &G1 (n = 26) | &G2 (n = 233)※ | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time to PCR results in the set with the initial smear-negative and final smear-positive result aPTB (−, −, +) n = 8; (−, +, +) n = 4; (−, + −)n = 6 | 3.38 ± 1.023a | avs c<0.001 | |
| Time to aPTB culture positive in all smear negative (−, −, −) n = 8 | 26.75 ± 2.91b | avs b<0.001 | |
| Time to culture without aPTB in all smear negative (−, −, −) n = 233 | 36.22 ± 10.38c | bvs c 0.001 | |
| Age*, years | 71.38 ± 13.30 | 70.22 ± 15.60 | 0.716 |
| Sex* (male [%]) | 14 (53.8%) | 157 (67.3%) | 0.192 |
| Underlying condition (before HRCT/CXR in early stage of acute lung injury)☆ | |||
| Previous TB* | 9 (34.6%) | 68 (29.2%) | 0.651 |
| DM* | 14 (53.8%) | 93 (39.9%) | 0.209 |
| Steroid* | 11 (42.3%) | 56 (24.0%) | 0.058 |
| COPD | 15 (57.7%)※ | 79 (33.9%) | 0.030* |
| liver cirrhosis* | 7 (26.9%) | 75 (32.2%) | 0.662 |
| Uremia* | 9 (34.4%) | 68 (29.1%) | 0.852 |
| UGI bleeding* | 7 (26.9%) | 37 (15.9%) | 0.170 |
| Hypoalbuminemia <2.5 g/dl | 15 (57.7%)※ | 51 (21.9%) | <0.001* |
| BMI <17.5 kg/(m)2* | 15 (57.7%) | 95 (40.8%) | 0.142 |
| lymphopenia* | 9 (34.6%) | 46 (19.7%) | 0.125 |
| neutropenia* | 5 (19.2%) | 51 (21.9) | 0.810 |
| Acute condition (After CXR/HRCT in early stage of acute lung injury) | |||
| PaO2: FI O2<of 300 | 103.73 ± 57.60 | 145.26 ± 48.86 | <0.001* |
| ALI score | 2.46 ± 0.49 | 1.89 ± 0.38 | <0.001* |
| APACHE II score | 25.96 ± 6.92 | 19.75 ± 3.03 | <0.001* |
| Hematological study | |||
| Hemoglobulin, g/dL | 8.83 ± 2.05 | 9.80 ± 1.55 | 0.040* |
| WBC, ×103/mm3 | 10.42 ± 3.59 | 9.73 ± 3.36 | 0.322 |
| Biochemistry | |||
| AC sugar, mg/dl | 249.12 ± 108.01 | 190.71 ± 135.52 | 0.034* |
| Na, mEq/L | 127.23 ± 9.004 | 136.21 ± 8.447 | <0.001* |
| Liver function (acute hepatic failure) | |||
| GOT, KU/ml | 122.38 ± 77.85 | 48.43 ± 23.58 | <0.001* |
| GPT, KU/ml | 101.54 ± 65.57 | 48.05 ± 21.58 | <0.001* |
| Renal function (acute renal failure) | |||
| BUN, mg/dL | 94.31 ± 50.05 | 30.75 ± 21.38 | <0.001* |
| Cr, mg/dL | 3.47 ± 2.22 | 1.88 ± 0.79 | <0.001* |
| Symptoms and signs ※ (before HRCT/CXR) | |||
| Fever* | 13 (50.0%) | 72 (30.9%) | 0.076 |
| Cough > 2 weeks* | 9 (34.6%) | 67 (28.8%) | 0.650 |
| Dyspnea* | 15 (57.7%) | 106 (45.5%) | 0.301 |
| Body weight loss* | 9 (34.6%) | 84 (36.1%) | 1.000 |
| Weakness* | 13 (50.0%) | 104 (44.6%) | 0.680 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and as numbers with percentage for categorical variables.
*Statistically significant, P < 0.05. &The 20/26 in G1 and 180/233 in G2 with mechanical ventilation; ☆Before HRCT/CXR; #The diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (aPTB) based on the World Health Organization (1994) Framework for effective tuberculosis control. World Health Organization. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO/TB/94.17. ※G2 including (n = 233): collagen vascular disease (n = 14), lung cancer or metastatic cancer to lung (n = 50), non-tuberculosis mycobacterium (n = 28), cryptococcosis (n = 1), pneumonia (n = 120), other lung disease (n = 10) such as pulmonary edema(n = 7) sarcoidosis (n = 1), hypersensivity pneumomnitis (n = 2).
Smear-positive aPTB (AFB+) :1) ≥2 sputum smear positive Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB+) or 2) 1 sputum smear positive for AFB Smear-positive + chest X-ray consistent with aPTB as determined by the treating medical officer or 3)1 sputum specimen positive for AFB + culture positive for AFB; Smear-negative aPTB (AFB-): 1) symptom suggestive of aPTB + ≥ 3 were negative + CXR consistent with aPTB determined by a medical official follow up by a decision to treat the patients with a full course of the anti-tuberculosis therapy or 2) diagnosis based on positive culture but negative AFB sputum.
AC, ante cibum; Cr, Creatinine, BUN, blood urea nitrogen; GOT, aspartate transaminase test; GPT, alanine transaminase test; G1, initial smear-negative active pulmonary tuberculosis (iSN-aPTB); G2 = non-aPTB pulmonary diseases [non-aPTB-PD]; DM, diabetes mellitus; WBC, white blood cells; DM, diabetes mellitus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, Body Mass Index (weight(kg)/height(m)2).