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. 2019 Mar 14;9:4519. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41200-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic representation of the study protocol including the order of the test instruments and questionnaires that were administered to participants. In the first session, all participants completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment⁴⁰, the praxis scale of the Birmingham Cognitive Screen⁴³, computer self-efficacy, computer proficiency and attitude towards HMD-VR scales. In a first recruitment phase, participants were allocated to the HMD-VR group (n = 38). In a second recruitment phase, participants (n = 38) were allocated to the control group. The two groups were matched on age, education, gender and independent living status. After exposure to HMD-VR or time-lapse videos in a second session, the user experience of the HMD-VR or time-lapse video condition was measured. Afterwards participants completed a second administration of the attitude scale and completed the simulator sickness questionnaire⁴¹. A subset of 44 participants also completed the Marlowe-Crowne social desirability scale⁴².